Deep-sea mining evidence review published
The deep-sea mining independent evidence review report was commissioned by the UK Government to inform its policy in relation to deep-sea mining.
31/10/2022 By BGS Press
The deep-sea mining independent evidence review report was commissioned by the UK Government in March 2021 to inform its policy in relation to deep-sea mining.
It was overseen by a project board, which included representatives from UK Government departments and was undertaken by a team of independent experts from BGS, the National Oceanography Centre and Heriot-Watt University.
The terms of reference for this review are reproduced in the report and were set by the UK Government. These identify the key topics and questions to be addressed, together with the required research methodology.
The deep-sea mining evidence review report has four distinct components:
- an evidence review, drawing on existing peer-reviewed data and research from academic journals and relevant, openly available publications from companies, regulators, research organisations and non-governmental bodies
- a summary of the findings of a stakeholder consultation exercise undertaken by the evidence review team
- a series of scenarios that explore potential future challenges associated with deep-sea mining
- a commentary on the questions posed in the terms of reference, drawing on the entire body of evidence gathered during the review
The review report has been externally peer-reviewed by independent UK and international experts. It is now publicly available on the BGS and MineralsUK websites.
If you have any enquiries on the findings of the scientific report, please email our Press Office.
Frequently asked questions
The deep-sea mining evidence review was commissioned by the UK Government in 2021. It is intended to provide a comprehensive description of current research related to deep-sea mining. It will inform the UK’s policy and future engagement with the deep-sea mining sector. It also informs the UK Government’s interaction with the International Seabed Authority (ISA), with regards to marine areas beyond national jurisdiction.
The evidence review captures the baseline data and knowledge to support informed decision making regarding the sustainable development of mineral resources in the deep sea.
The UK Government has framed the topics and questions through a ‘terms of reference’ for the review. The evidence review addresses these as follows:
- a review of existing peer-reviewed scientific data and research and other relevant, openly available publications
- analysis of the findings of a stakeholder engagement exercise
- development and analysis of a series of scenarios
- a commentary on the questions posed in the terms of reference, drawing on the entire body of evidence gathered during the review
The deep-sea mining evidence review has been generated by three research-led institutions: BGS, the National Oceanography Centre and Heriot-Watt University.
Scientists from these institutions undertook a full review of existing peer-reviewed data and research from academic journals. The research group also reviewed information from relevant publicly available publications from companies, regulators, research organisations and non-governmental bodies. To support the review, engagement with relevant stakeholders was undertaken, as well as compilation and review of responses to a series of questions.
Yes, the report went through a peer-review process in 2022.
Three independent, expert reviewers provided comment and analysis:
- David Cronan, professor of marine geochemistry, Imperial College, UK
- Nigel Steward, chief scientist, development and technology, Rio Tinto, Canada
- Richard Herrington, head of earth sciences, Natural History Museum, UK
The final report has been amended to take account of this process.
The deep-sea mining evidence review was not commissioned to make recommendations. However, the outcomes of the review can be summarised under three categories. These are:
- state of knowledge: what is known, based on the available evidence base
- key areas of uncertainty: what we do not know and what gaps exist in the evidence base
- some societal and policy choices highlighted as a result
Relative topics
Related news
Deep-sea mining evidence review published
31/10/2022
The deep-sea mining independent evidence review report was commissioned by the UK Government to inform its policy in relation to deep-sea mining.
Zambia: the copper mining powerhouse looking towards a safer, low-carbon future
25/07/2022
BGS scientists Clive Mitchell (industrial minerals geologist) and Elliott Hamilton (environmental chemist) report on their recent visit to the Copperbelt Province in Zambia.
UK’s Critical Minerals Intelligence Centre to help build a more resilient economy
04/07/2022
The UK’s new centre to collect and analyse information on the supply of critical minerals, which are vital to the UK’s economic success and national security, has officially launched.
New 3D model will help guide exploration for rare earth element deposits in alkaline igneous systems
30/06/2022
A team of scientists and institutions across Europe have developed a new 3D geological model designed to guide exploration for rare earth elements.
New publication shows geological supply of bismuth is greater than previously understood
17/05/2022
A new publication highlights the wide-ranging geological availability of bismuth, a critical raw material that has historically been overlooked in academic research.
UK Minerals Yearbook 2021 available to download
11/04/2022
The UK Minerals Yearbook 2021 provides essential information about the production, consumption and trade of UK minerals up to 2020.
Lithium resources and their potential to support battery supply chains in Africa
14/07/2021
A new BGS report reviews known resources of lithium and engagement in the battery supply chain across key African countries.
Critical raw materials podcast
01/07/2021
In this episode we discuss critical raw materials and the crucial role they will play as we move to a low-to-zero carbon economy
Lithium: a critical raw material for our journey to net zero
09/06/2021
Understanding the geology and natural resources of lithium will be vital as demand is forecast to significantly increase.
UK’s mineral production, consumption and trade revealed in new report
06/04/2021
BGS has published the United Kingdom Minerals Yearbook 2020, with partners the Confederation of British Industry Minerals Group and Mineral Products Association
Insights into the ‘missing link’ of how copper ore deposits form
26/03/2021
Porphyry deposits provide around 75 per cent of the world’s copper, which is in increasing demand as a major raw material in power infrastructure and green technologies.
Cobalt resources in Europe and the potential for new discoveries
26/01/2021
There is considerable interest in Europe in understanding the availability of cobalt from indigenous resources to help the transition to a low-carbon economy.