This is the most familiar face of palaeontology, and has been at the heart of BGS work almost since the organisation's inception more than 170 years ago. Over this time the BGS has amassed a comprehensive stratigraphical collection of reference material representing all the major invertebrate fossil groups (sponges, corals, brachiopods, graptolites, trilobites, bivalves, gastropods, ammonoids, belemnites, crinoids and echinoids), as well as some nationally important vertebrate collections. Much of this material comes from localities that are no longer available for study

Crinoid Current work on Palaeozoic successions includes the development of a biostratigraphical framework for Middle Devonian strata of the Orcadian Basin of north-east Scotland (Caithness, East Sutherland and Orkney) based on fossil fish, and on determining the nature of palaeoecological and palaeogeographical changes in the Carboniferous of the Midland Valley of Scotland, within beds and across basins, using statistical analysis of BGS Carboniferous macrofossil collections. Both projects are in collaboration with universities and external scientists.

Various fossils

In the Mesozoic, current work concentrates on the high resolution stratigraphy of the Cretaceous, particularly the Late Cretaceous Chalk Group. Work on the Chalk combines biostratigraphical, lithostratigraphical and borehole geophysical log data to refine correlations and develop sophisticated three-dimensional digital geological models.

Various fossils2 Chalk Cutting

Micropalaeontology and palynology

The principal palynological groups analysed are acritarchs, dinoflagellate cysts, spores, pollen and chitinozoa. Micropalaeontological groups include foraminifera, ostracods, conodonts and, occasionally, radiolaria, diatoms and calcareous algae.

Quantitative and semi-quantitative, high precision biostratigraphical analyses have applications in, for example, geological mapping, hydrocarbon exploration and civil engineering, as well as palaeoenvironmental, palaeogeographical and palaeoclimate modelling on local, regional and global scales. Palynofacies/detrital kerogen analysis for palaeogeographical/palaeoecological reconstructions and maturation studies is also carried out.

Microfossils Recent micropalaeontological and palynological projects include:

Holocene lacustrine ostracoda from Armenia
Pleistocene—Holocene ecostratigraphy (palynology and calcareous micropalaeontology) of western Scotland
Palaeogene—Neogene palynomorph and foraminiferal biostratigraphy from the Rockall Trough area and Northern North Sea
foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Permian to Tertiary successions in the Middle East
Late Cretaceous and Palaeogene foraminifera from Ecuador
Cretaceous palynomorphs from the Antarctic Peninsula
high resolution foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Chalk of England and the Southern North Sea
Mesozoic microfaunas and palynomorphs from the North Sea Basin
Mesozoic palynomorphs of Australia
biostratigraphical distribution of Jurassic palynomorphs from Russia
biostratigraphical applications of Late Jurassic foraminifera and ostracods from the Russian Platform
biostratigraphical & palaeoecological applications of Permian spores from the Middle East
Devonian conodonts from south-west England
Carboniferous conodonts from northern England
Carboniferous ostracods from southern Scotland
Ordovician conodonts from clasts in ?Devonian conglomerates in south-central Scotland
Cambro-Ordovician conodonts from north-west Scotland (in collaboration with University of Birmingham)
the application of Ordovician acritarchs in dating and correlating successions in Britain and overseas.

Microfossils

See also