{"id":48718,"date":"2020-07-15T08:35:43","date_gmt":"2020-07-15T08:35:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?post_type=research_project&#038;p=48718"},"modified":"2022-09-08T08:37:57","modified_gmt":"2022-09-08T08:37:57","slug":"shale-gas-in-the-uk","status":"publish","type":"research_project","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-in-the-uk\/","title":{"rendered":"Shale gas in the UK"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Shale gas in the UK<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS Research &mdash; Shale gas<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-in-the-uk\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Shale%20gas%20in%20the%20UK&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-in-the-uk\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-in-the-uk\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Shale%20gas%20in%20the%20UK&#038;body=The%20UK%20has%20a%20number%20of%20sites%20that%20have%20been%20explored%20for%20shale%20gas%20deposits.%20%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-in-the-uk\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-in-the-uk\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>Shale gas deposits are regarded as commercially exploitable when the organic matter contained within the shale is of the right type \u2014 of marine origin \u2014 the net shale thickness exceeds 25&nbsp;m and when it is found at a depth of more than 1500&nbsp;m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Where is shale gas found in the UK?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the UK, four areas have been identified as potentially viable for the commercial extraction of shale gas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul type=\"1\"><li>the Carboniferous Bowland\u2013Hodder area in north-west England (Lancashire and the Midlands)<\/li><li>the Carboniferous Midland Valley in Scotland<\/li><li>the Jurassic Weald Basin in south England<\/li><li>the Wessex area in south England<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Between 2013 and 2016, the BGS was commissioned by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC; now the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS)) to provide <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/oil-and-gas-onshore-exploration-and-production\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">geological overviews and resource estimates<\/a> for these areas.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/decc-uk-shale-gas-areas-990x1400.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;DECC shale gas study areas in the UK. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_6957\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/decc-uk-shale-gas-areas-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"DECC Shale gas study areas in the UK\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/decc-uk-shale-gas-areas-679x960.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>DECC shale gas study areas in the UK. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/decc-uk-shale-gas-areas-990x1400.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;DECC shale gas study areas in the UK. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_6957\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How much shale gas do we have in the UK?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Because there is no established shale gas industry in the UK, there is no production data available, which makes estimating the size of the resource extremely difficult. Therefore, in the DECC-commissioned reports, we took a bottom-up estimation approach whereby we used available rock materials from drill cores stored in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-data\/national-geological-repository\/\">National Geological Repository<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many of the drill cores used for the estimates we developed were not drilled for the purpose of a shale gas resource estimate, resulting in a wide total range of volume estimates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Shale gas exploration in the UK<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The main rock formation of interest for shale gas exploration in the UK is called the <a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.bgs.ac.uk\/lexicon\/home.cfm?pub=BSG\">Bowland Shale Formation<\/a>, which occurs across a large area of central Britain. These shales were deposited in marine basins during the Visean and Namurian stages of the Carboniferous period (between 347 and 318 million years ago) when the UK was located around the equator. Carboniferous marine shales can reach thicknesses of up to 5000&nbsp;m and contain enough organic matter (1\u20133 per cent, but locally over 10 per cent) to generate hydrocarbons. <\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/P005732.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The lower Bowland Shale Formation cropping out at the River Hodder in Collyholme Wood, Lancashire. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_74755\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/P005732-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"River Hodder, Collyholme Wood. Lower Bowland Shales\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/P005732.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>The lower Bowland Shale Formation cropping out at the River Hodder in Collyholme Wood, Lancashire. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/P005732.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The lower Bowland Shale Formation cropping out at the River Hodder in Collyholme Wood, Lancashire. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_74755\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>The Bowland Shale Formation is not restricted to the onshore environment; the basins extend offshore beneath the Southern North Sea and the East Irish Sea. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Andrews (2013) estimated a total gas-in-place estimate for the Bowland Shale Formation and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/lexicon\/lexicon.cfm?pub=HOM\">Hodder Mudstone Formation<\/a> between 822 and 2281 trillion cubic feet (tcf). As a comparison, the total gas consumption in 2018 in the UK was 2.98&nbsp;tcf. Since then, other estimates have suggested the total gas-in-place volume could be considerably less (around 140&nbsp;tcf; Whitelaw et al., 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Scotland<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Middle Carboniferous, organic-rich shales are also found in the subsurface Midland Valley of Scotland (Girvan to Greenock in the west; Dunbar to Stonehaven in the east) as part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.bgs.ac.uk\/lexicon\/home.cfm?pub=SYG\">Strathclyde Group<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.bgs.ac.uk\/lexicon\/home.cfm?pub=CKN\">Clackmannan Group<\/a>. There, the shales reach a thickness of about 3000&nbsp;m, contain 2\u20136 percent organic carbon and are considered as a potential target for shale gas exploration. Monaghan (2014) suggested a total of 49.4\u2013134.6&nbsp;tcf gas-in-place for the Midland Valley of Scotland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Wales<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In Wales, a paucity of publicly available data currently prevents the calculation of reliable resource estimates. Potential unconventional gas resources in Wales are most likely to be found in association with coal seams or shales. In North Wales, middle Carboniferous shales include the Bowland Shale Formation, thought to be contiguous with strata in north England. Early Carboniferous shales are found in South Wales as part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/lexicon\/lexicon.cfm?pub=AVO\">Avon Group<\/a>. However, more research is needed to establish this group&#8217;s prospectivity for shale gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Much of Wales and central England are underlain by older Palaeozoic rocks, which may be prospective for shale gas. These successions have not been investigated extensively and no evaluation has been conducted by either the BGS or exploration companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n<div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Key references<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Andrews, I J. 2013.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/503839\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\">The Carboniferous Bowland Shale gas study: geology and resource estimation<\/a>. (London, UK: British Geological Survey for DECC.)<\/p>\n<p>Monaghan, A. 2014. [Online] <a href=\"http:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/514893\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\">The Carboniferous shales of the Midland Valley of Scotland: geology and resource estimation<\/a>. (DECC website, now OGA.)<\/p>\n<p>Whitelaw, P, Uguna, C N, Stevens, L A, Meredith, W, Snape, C E, Vane, C H, Moss-Hayes, V, and Carr, A D. 2019.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-11653-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\">Shale gas reserve evaluation by laboratory pyrolysis and gas holding capacity consistent with field data<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Nature Communications<\/em>, Vol. 10, Article\u00a0<span data-test=\"article-number\">3659.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"relatives\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5>Relative topics<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/hydrocarbons\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">hydrocarbons<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/shale-gas\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">shale gas<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-3474-block_5eb28724b373c\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/P916658-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Upper Bowland Shale\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/P916658.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/\">Shale gas<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shale gas is natural gas that is trapped within shale formations. Our role is to supply industry, government and the public with impartial geological and environmental advice in regards to shale gas in the UK.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-extraction\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/shale_gas_extraction-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Shale gas extraction\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/shale_gas_extraction.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-extraction\/\">Shale gas extraction<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shale gas is extracted from microscopic pores in impermeable shale rock through a process called hydraulic fracturing.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-extraction\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The UK has a number of sites that have been explored for shale gas deposits. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":55240,"parent":28266,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"63981,9842,17361,19754,37527,17592","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"tags":[1123,1351],"region":[],"topic":[],"purpose":[],"area":[],"challenge":[],"challenge_topic":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - 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