{"id":47979,"date":"2020-07-13T13:27:13","date_gmt":"2020-07-13T13:27:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?post_type=research_project&#038;p=47979"},"modified":"2022-09-08T08:39:08","modified_gmt":"2022-09-08T08:39:08","slug":"shale-gas-extraction","status":"publish","type":"research_project","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-extraction\/","title":{"rendered":"Shale gas extraction"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Shale gas extraction<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS Research &mdash; Shale gas<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-extraction\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Shale%20gas%20extraction&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-extraction\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-extraction\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Shale%20gas%20extraction&#038;body=Shale%20gas%20is%20extracted%20from%20microscopic%20pores%20in%20impermeable%20shale%20rock%20through%20a%20process%20called%20hydraulic%20fracturing.%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-extraction\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-extraction\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How is shale gas extracted?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hydraulic fracturing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Shale gas or unconventional gas is extracted from the impermeable shale through a process called hydraulic fracturing (also known as hydrofracking or fracking). A crude form of this technique, involving nitroglycerine, was used for the first time around the 1860s to explore for oil and gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During hydraulic fracturing, a mixture of water, chemicals and sand is pumped down a borehole at high pressure. The water pressure opens up cracks in the rock and the sand grains lodge into the spaces to keep them open, allowing the released gas to flow out of the rocks and travel back up the borehole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The hydraulic fracturing technique is not new; it has been used for over 50 years to improve recovery of conventional oil and gas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/shale-gas-extraction-wb.svg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;How shale gas extraction works. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_3153\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/shale-gas-extraction-wb.svg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"How shale gas extraction works\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/shale-gas-extraction-wb.svg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>How shale gas extraction works. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/shale-gas-extraction-wb.svg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;How shale gas extraction works. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_3153\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The moratorium on hydraulic fracturing in the UK (2019)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Shale gas extraction is not presently allowed to proceed in the UK.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In November 2019, the UK Government announced a moratorium on hydraulic fracturing in shale in England. This decision was taken on the basis of a <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ogauthority.co.uk\/exploration-production\/onshore\/onshore-reports-and-data\/preston-new-road-pnr-1z-hydraulic-fracturing-operations-data\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">report<\/a> by the Oil &amp; Gas Authority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In January 2015, the Scottish Government put a moratorium on unconventional oil and gas development in Scotland in place, following the publication of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/binaries\/content\/documents\/govscot\/publications\/advice-and-guidance\/2014\/07\/expert-scientific-panel-report-unconventional-oil-gas\/documents\/00456579-pdf\/00456579-pdf\/govscot%3Adocument\/00456579.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">report<\/a> of an independent, expert, scientific panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since 1 October 2018, licensing powers in Wales have been <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/gov.wales\/licensing-powers-fracking-transferred-wales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">transferred to the Welsh Assembly Government<\/a>, which has taken the decision not to support applications for hydraulic fracturing in Wales or fracking consents.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"relatives\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5>Relative topics<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/hydrocarbons\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">hydrocarbons<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/shale-gas\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">shale gas<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-4509-block_5eb28724b373c\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/P916658-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Upper Bowland Shale\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/P916658.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/\">Shale gas<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shale gas is natural gas that is trapped within shale formations. Our role is to supply industry, government and the public with impartial geological and environmental advice in regards to shale gas in the UK.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-in-the-uk\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/P005732-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"River Hodder, Collyholme Wood. Lower Bowland Shales\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/P005732.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-in-the-uk\/\">Shale gas in the UK<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The UK has a number of sites that have been explored for shale gas deposits. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shale-gas\/shale-gas-in-the-uk\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shale gas is extracted from microscopic pores in impermeable shale rock through a process called hydraulic fracturing.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":53180,"parent":28266,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"17361,9842,18527,37527,19754,17592","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[1123,1351],"region":[],"topic":[],"purpose":[],"area":[],"challenge":[],"challenge_topic":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - 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