{"id":41385,"date":"2020-06-19T15:54:16","date_gmt":"2020-06-19T15:54:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?post_type=research_project&#038;p=41385"},"modified":"2023-08-29T14:07:04","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T14:07:04","slug":"earthquake-seismology","status":"publish","type":"research_project","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/","title":{"rendered":"Earthquakes and seismology research"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Earthquake Seismology Science Capability<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS Research<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Earthquakes%20and%20seismology%20research&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Earthquakes%20and%20seismology%20research&#038;body=We%20are%20measuring,%20recording%20and%20analysing%20ground%20motions%20from%20earthquakes%20and%20other%20seismic%20events%20across%20the%20UK%20and%20overseas.%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\">Earthquake Seismology Science Capability<\/a> measures, records and analyses ground motions from earthquakes and other seismic events across the UK and surrounding area. Our data and research are the basis for understanding seismic hazard to guide risk assessment, planning and design of high-consequence structures such as nuclear plants, dams and reservoirs. We also use seismic waves to construct images of the Earth that help answer fundamental scientific questions about the nature of its interior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Our monitoring network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We operate a real-time network of seismometers across the UK (Figure 1) to record and characterise earthquakes and their ground motions in order to inform UK Government, the public, industry and regulators following significant seismic events, to assess earthquake risk and to plan for future events. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The network also provides data to image the interior of the Earth and improve understanding of the driving forces of earthquakes and their interactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Recent earthquake data feeds:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/earthquakes\/recent_uk_events.html\">Earthquakes around the British Isles (last 50 days)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/induced\/recent_uk_events.html\">Induced seismicity around the British Isles (last 50 days)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/earthquakes\/recent_world_events.html\">Significant world earthquakes (last 200 days)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/feeds\/feeds.html\">Online data feeds (GeoRSS &amp; KML)<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/seismometers_UK.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Figure 1: seismometers in the UK and surrounding area. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_50992\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/seismometers_UK-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Seismometers in the UK and surrounding area.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/seismometers_UK-960x751.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Figure 1: seismometers in the UK and surrounding area. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/seismometers_UK.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Figure 1: seismometers in the UK and surrounding area. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_50992\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Earthquake hazard<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Earthquakes have a significant impact on people and infrastructure, both in the UK and worldwide. While damaging earthquakes are relatively rare in the UK, there are a number of well-documented examples over the past few hundred years (Figure 2). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The hazard is recognised by the government through the National Risk Register and National Risk Assessments. Long-term observation and measurement leads to improved confidence in seismic hazard assessments, helping regulatory decisions, setting of appropriate guidelines and safe operating practices in industry.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/historical_seismicity_UK.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Figure 2: historical seismicity in the UK and surrounding area, dating back to 1358. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_31178\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/historical_seismicity_UK-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Historical seismicity in the UK and surrounding area dating back to 1358.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/historical_seismicity_UK-960x752.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Figure 2: historical seismicity in the UK and surrounding area, dating back to 1358. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/historical_seismicity_UK.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Figure 2: historical seismicity in the UK and surrounding area, dating back to 1358. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_31178\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What can earthquakes tell us?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Seismic waves from earthquakes contain information about both the earthquakes themselves and the structure and properties of the Earth. By analysing seismic waves recorded by this network of sensors, we can construct 3D images and infer values of crucial parameters of the subsurface (Figure 3). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, monitoring changes over time allows us to understand and model Earth processes and structures on a variety of scales. This information helps us answer fundamental scientific questions about the subsurface and its future use both as a source for sustainable energy and as a means of energy and waste storage.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/peak_ground_acceleration.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Figure 3: predicted peak ground acceleration for a 2500 year return period, from Musson and Sargeant (2008). BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_89101\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/peak_ground_acceleration-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Predicted peak ground acceleration for a 2,500 year return period, from Musson and Sargeant (2008)\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/peak_ground_acceleration-960x751.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Figure 3: predicted peak ground acceleration for a 2500 year return period, from Musson and Sargeant (2008). BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/peak_ground_acceleration.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Figure 3: predicted peak ground acceleration for a 2500 year return period, from Musson and Sargeant (2008). BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_89101\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Goals<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Operate a <a href=\"http:\/\/quakes.bgs.ac.uk\/data\/home.html\">national network of seismometers<\/a> that record earthquake ground motions, maintaining standards that comply with the best scientific practice and make the data widely available for scientific research.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provide prompt and objective information for significant earthquakes to help allay public concern, to co-ordinate an appropriate emergency response and to plan for future events.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Improve confidence in <a href=\"https:\/\/quakes.bgs.ac.uk\/research\/home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">seismic hazard assessments<\/a> that lead to regulatory decisions, setting appropriate guidelines and ensuring safe operating practices in industry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Develop quantitative models of the interior of the Earth and its physical properties, monitor temporal change and constrain understanding of dynamic processes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Figure 4: seismometer maintenance work can take place at any time and in any weather! BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_81983\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Maintenance work.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work-960x641.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Figure 4: seismometer maintenance work can take place at any time and in any weather! BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Figure 4: seismometer maintenance work can take place at any time and in any weather! BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_81983\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ArcGIS Living Atlas earthquakes records<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/maps-bgs.opendata.arcgis.com\/datasets\/bgs::uk-modern-earthquakes-instrument-recorded\/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">UK Modern Earthquakes<\/a>\n<ul><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/maps-bgs.opendata.arcgis.com\/datasets\/bgs::uk-historical-earthquakes\/about\">UK historical Earthquakes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQs<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"myArea\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Was there an earthquake in my area? My house\/monitor\/bed just shook<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Firstly, <a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/questionnaire\/EqQuestIntro.html\">report a potential earthquake<\/a>\u00a0<u><\/u>if you think you have experienced an earthquake \u2014 we\u2019d be really grateful.<\/p>\n<p>Even if we already know about an earthquake and know its magnitude and location, people\u2019s felt experiences of an earthquake can provide valuable information about how the size and location of the earthquake translates into ground movement at any given point. Our analysts also normally process earthquakes in chronological order. If we start to receive felt reports, we prioritise processing that time range.<\/p>\n<p>You can check to see if there has been any recent seismic activity in your area by checking our web pages, which contains information about <a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/earthquakes\/home.html\">earthquake activity in and around the British Isles in the last 60 days<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"noListing\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">I think I felt an earthquake, but there is nothing listed on the website<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There can be several reasons for no evidence of a seismic disturbance being detected by the BGS seismograph network in your area, at the time and date you are enquiring about.<\/p>\n<p>We record 20 to 30 earthquakes in the UK every year that are large enough to be felt by people, as well as many other smaller earthquakes that aren\u2019t felt. However, we can\u2019t detect all small earthquakes, so it is possible that you have felt an event that our instruments have not detected. Please <a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/questionnaire\/EqQuestIntro.html\">report a potential earthquake<\/a>, whether or not we have already detected it.<\/p>\n<p>In many cases, our seismometers detect background noise from nearby human activity, which can be a particular problem in areas of high population density. If it is related to heavy traffic and industry or construction work, for example, we can often see that this activity shows a diurnal variation (differences between day and night time) and sometimes variations across week and weekend days too.<\/p>\n<p>Noise from these sources is usually strongly localised and will only be recorded by nearby stations, whereas signals from seismic events such as earthquakes will be recorded at greater distances, so combining data from multiple sites helps us to detect more accurately.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/induced\/recent_uk_events.html\">Seismic events for which there is strong evidence that they have been induced by human activities<\/a> are listed on our website.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"easy\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Are there any easy ways of looking at the data coming from specific stations?<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes! You can access helicorder plots of the <a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/helicorder\/heli.html\">data for the last few days for each monitoring station<\/a>\u00a0 on our website.<\/p>\n<p>These charts show only one of the (at least three) components that each station has. You have the option to display a plot filtered by either &#8216;very long period&#8217; or &#8216;short period&#8217;. The very long period has been filtered to make it better at showing large, distant earthquakes. The short period data has been filtered to make it better at showing smaller, more local earthquakes.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"past\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Where can I find lists of past earthquakes (natural or induced by human activity such as fracking)?<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These are available in several different places.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Our website lists earthquakes that have occurred over the last 50 days. We maintain separate web pages for <a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/earthquakes\/recent_uk_events.html\">events that we think are tectonic in origin<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/induced\/recent_uk_events.html\">events that we think are induced by human activity<\/a><\/li>\n<li>We have an online database search that allows you to specify and area, time and magnitude to search, and gives you a list of earthquakes that is excellent for putting into a spreadsheet<\/li>\n<li>We contribute all identified earthquakes to the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.isc.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Seismological Centre&#8217;s catalogue of earthquake activity around the world<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/map-viewers\/geoindex-onshore\/\">Onshore GeoIndex<\/a> allows you to display earthquake locations on a map and to view images of seismic data from stations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"stations\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Where are the seismic stations and what are they like?<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/helicorder\/heli.html\">BGS seismic station locations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A modern seismic station consists of an inspection cover, under which is there is a sensor that looks a bit like an upturned metal bucket.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/data\/station_book\/stationbook_cca1.html\">Images of seismic stations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Seismometers are very sensitive to ground motion; most of our seismic stations are in remote locations so that they aren\u2019t distributed by people walking or driving past. These constitute a source of seismic noise that might hinder their ability to detect earthquakes.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"new\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">I\u2019ve developed a new way of predicting earthquakes: can you help?<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Unfortunately we can\u2019t help to implement your new prediction methods. New scientific discoveries need to be disseminated via publication in reputable, peer-reviewed scientific journals. Your first step would be to publish your science for it to be reviewed by other experts and BGS is not able to help with this.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cseptesting.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More information on international efforts to improve earthquake forecasting<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"damage\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">I\u2019m worried that traffic or quarry activity is damaging my property: can you help?<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS is unable to help to monitor damage caused by vibrations. There are commercial companies that specialise in carrying out this kind of vibration monitoring.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"gaps\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Why are there gaps in the data at a particular monitoring station?<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We go to a lot of effort to monitor and maintain our network, but faults can affect any technical equipment and our monitoring equipment is no different.<\/p>\n<p>Most of our sites are in very remote rural areas where mains power can be less reliable. Where solar power is used, we can have problems in winter due to lack of light and solar panels can be damaged in storms, as can mains power lines.<\/p>\n<p>For data transmission, we use a mixture of 3G, Satellite and ADSL. Reception of the 3G signal can be highly variable, satellite systems can be negatively affected by heavy rain\/snow and when ADSL lines go down it can take a long time to get a repair done.<\/p>\n<p>The monitoring equipment itself is also complex and can, from time to time, develop faults unrelated to any external factor.<\/p>\n<p>Any of these issues could result in gaps in the data.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"large\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">I\u2019ve seen a large signal on a helicorder; why are you not reporting an earthquake?<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the challenges of seismology is that a source of ground motion that is small but close to a seismometer can cause it to record a ground motion that is larger than a powerful earthquake that is much further away. That means, for instance, that someone working in a field next to one of our sensors might create a signal that looks like an earthquake. That\u2019s one of the reasons we need a network of sensors. We only treat something as an earthquake if we see it on multiple sensors. An event that is only seen on one sensor could just be a source of local noise that is very close.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"all\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Do you detect all earthquakes?<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No, definitely not! The smallest size of earthquake detected depends on the density of seismic monitoring stations: the more stations in an area, the smaller the earthquakes that can be detected. For the majority of mainland Britain, we would expect to be able to detect any earthquake of 2.0ML or above. In some places where we have more stations we can detect far smaller earthquakes. For instance, when we were monitoring an <a href=\"https:\/\/earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk\/research\/SurreyEarthquakes.html\">earthquake swarm near Gatwick Airport<\/a> we were detecting earthquakes as small as -0.6ML.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"smallest\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">What\u2019s the smallest earthquake that people can feel?<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>That\u2019s a more complex question than you may realise. The amount of shaking that you might feel is a function of the size (magnitude) of the earthquake, its distance from you, the type of building you are in and how high up in it you are, and the local geology. To what extent you might notice it will depend on what you are doing (asleep or awake; stood up or lying down) and how much human vibration is also being produced (for instance, if you live by a Tube line in London).<\/p>\n<p>What we <em>can<\/em> say is we usually tend to start getting felt reports for earthquakes with local magnitude of 2 and above, but sometimes larger ones are not felt (or if felt, not reported) and sometimes smaller ones are felt and reported.<\/p>\n<p>Each year we detect 200 to 300 earthquakes in the UK, but only 20 to 30 of them are felt.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"change\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">I was looking at your website and the magnitude of an earthquake changed: why?<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We aim to provide the locations and magnitudes for the earthquakes that we detect as soon as possible after they occur. Usually, this process involves using measurements from as many monitoring stations as possible. However, sometimes, data from a station that would have recorded the earthquake may not be available because of data transmission or other problems. Adding measurements from these stations later may result in small changes to the location and magnitude.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div id=\"different\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your earthquake reports are different to those reported by USGS or EMSC. How is that possible?<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We make the data from our monitoring stations available to agencies such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emsc-csem.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre<\/a> (EMSC) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS)&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/programs\/earthquake-hazards\/national-earthquake-information-center-neic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Earthquake Information Center<\/a>\u00a0to help detect and locate earthquakes from all around the world. These agencies, however, are primarily only interested in large or potentially damaging earthquakes and they may use only a subset of the available data for smaller earthquakes in the UK. This means that their estimates of the locations and magnitudes may differ from estimates that use all available data.<\/p>\n<p>Detecting and locating large and damaging earthquakes, as the EMSC and the USGS do, \u00a0involves processing a huge amount of data, so they use automatic methods that allow them to estimate the location and magnitude of events very quickly. These automatic estimates are often published before they are reviewed by a human analyst. While we also use these automatic methods, all the events that we report are reviewed by a human analyst before they are published, so our location and magnitude estimates may not be available as quickly. Very occasionally, the automatic methods can get things wrong but these are usually corrected after review.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reference<\/h2>\n\n\n<div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Key reference<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Musson, R M W, and Sargeant, S. 2008. <a href=\"http:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/6293\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UK earthquake monitoring 2007\/2008<\/a>.\u00a0<em>British Geological Survey Open Report<\/em> OR\/08\/072. (Edinburgh, UK: British Geological Survey.) (Unpublished.)<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"relatives\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5>Relative topics<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/earthquakes\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">earthquakes<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/seismology\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">seismology<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<section id=\"feeds-top\" id=\"earthquakes-1237-block_40b64261f39170de4d9d03e5a3827fd3\" class=\"grid-section primary-background feeds-box earthquakes-hidden  \" >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Recent earthquakes<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<form class=\"row filter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-xl-7 col-lg-8\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"earthquakes-categories-45936\" class=\"screen-reader\">Select Earthquake Type<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<select id=\"earthquakes-categories-45936\" name=\"earthquakes-categories\" class=\"earthquakes-categories\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/select>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row feeds-wrap grid-wrap thin-tabs\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#feeds-top\" data-less=\"View less\" data-more=\"View more\" class=\"button invisible sea-background-f feeds-more-btn show-more button-round btn-icon-arrow-mini after\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>View more<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-4395-block_cd554244037091e0d9b08c9afc7ea2ef\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in:<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/multihazards\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/feature_MHR_Marc_Szeglat_Unsplash-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Photo by Marc Szeglat on Unsplash\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/feature_MHR_Marc_Szeglat_Unsplash.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/multihazards\/\">Multi-hazards and resilience<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We work with partners worldwide to enhance understanding of hazards, vulnerability, exposure and risk to ensure our science is useful, usable and used. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/multihazards\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/P757469-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"In 1979, the the A625 road was permanently closed to traffic and what remains today is an interesting example of landslide movement and repeated road reconstruction and repair.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/P757469.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/\">Shallow geohazards<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Measuring, recording and analysing near-surface geological hazards including landslides, sinkholes and discontinuities.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section  style=\"background-image:url('https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/News-events-scaled.jpg')\" id=\"latest-content-1195-block_a560a70ca27053853c6a8b58503d726f\" class=\"cards-carousel-section  basic-background-1   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Related news<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 owl-carousel carousel-basic-2-color owl-theme carousel-js\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-seismologist-named-editor-in-chief-of-geophysical-journal-international\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/margarita-segou-gji-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Margarita Segou. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/margarita-segou-gji.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-seismologist-named-editor-in-chief-of-geophysical-journal-international\/\">BGS seismologist named editor-in-chief of Geophysical Journal International<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>29\/02\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Margarita Segou has been appointed as the editor-in-chief of one of the world\u2019s leading, peer-reviewed research journals in solid-Earth geophysics.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-seismologist-named-editor-in-chief-of-geophysical-journal-international\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/the-kahraman-maras-earthquake-sequence-turkey-syria\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/STurkeyMap-1-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"A map of the southern Turkey\/northern Syria area showing fault lines in blue and the epicentres of the two major earthquakes of 6 February 2023 as red circles and many aftershocks as yellow circles.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/STurkeyMap-1-960x641.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/the-kahraman-maras-earthquake-sequence-turkey-syria\/\">The Kahraman Mara\u015f earthquake sequence, Turkey\/Syria, 2023<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>14\/02\/2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Two large earthquakes occurred within hours of each other on 6 February 2023.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/the-kahraman-maras-earthquake-sequence-turkey-syria\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-aboard-research-vessel-in-japan-in-major-marine-research-collaboration\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/IODP_helideck-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"The ECORD IODP Expedition 386 Research Team on the helideck of The Chikyu research vessel.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/IODP_helideck.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-aboard-research-vessel-in-japan-in-major-marine-research-collaboration\/\">BGS scientists on board research vessel in Japan in major marine research collaboration<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>25\/11\/2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Experts from BGS&#8217;s marine team are part of a major international marine research collaboration to understand more about earthquakes associated with the Japan Trench.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-aboard-research-vessel-in-japan-in-major-marine-research-collaboration\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/update-on-scientific-shale-gas-report\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Shale_report_web-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Recent scientific advances in the understanding of induced seismicity from hydraulic fracturing of shales\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Shale_report_web.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/update-on-scientific-shale-gas-report\/\">Scientific report published<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>22\/09\/2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS was requested by the UK Government to address six questions related to recent scientific research on the hazard and risk from induced seismicity during hydraulic fracturing of shale rocks.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/update-on-scientific-shale-gas-report\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/the-future-of-earthquake-forecasting\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/seismicityInTheEpicentraArea-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Figure 1. A year of seismicity in the epicentral area of the 2016 M=6.0 Amatrice earthquake (star) in Italy color coded by time of occurrence. (a) Real-time catalog, available at http:\/\/cnt.rm.ingv.it\/ and (b) machine-learning catalog1 are shown for event magnitudes above their respective magnitude of completeness1,2 Mc=2.2 and Mc=0.5 (from Beroza et al., 2021).\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/seismicityInTheEpicentraArea.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/the-future-of-earthquake-forecasting\/\">The future of earthquake forecasting<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>10\/08\/2021<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Machine-learning illuminates earthquake activity with unprecedented detail, leading to improved earthquake forecasts.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/the-future-of-earthquake-forecasting\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/scientists-test-a-new-model-to-understand-and-forecast-seismicity-induced-by-hydraulic-fracturing-operations\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/earthquakes-recorded-at-preston-new-road-sample-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Sample map view of earthquakes recorded during hydraulic fracturing at the Preston New Road unconventional shale gas site. BGS \u00a9 UKRI\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/earthquakes-recorded-at-preston-new-road-sample-960x645.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/scientists-test-a-new-model-to-understand-and-forecast-seismicity-induced-by-hydraulic-fracturing-operations\/\">Scientists test a new model to understand and forecast seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing operations<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>02\/07\/2021<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Encouraging new research could bring scientists a step closer to being able to forecast earthquakes induced by human activity. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/scientists-test-a-new-model-to-understand-and-forecast-seismicity-induced-by-hydraulic-fracturing-operations\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/10-years-on-the-2011-great-east-japan-earthquake-and-tsunami\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/David_Tappin_1313_North_Honshu_Island-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Tsunami damage May 2011 - North Honshu Island\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/David_Tappin_1313_North_Honshu_Island-960x645.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/10-years-on-the-2011-great-east-japan-earthquake-and-tsunami\/\">10 years on: the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>11\/03\/2021<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In remembrance, Prof David Tappin discusses the importance of tsunami anniversaries<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/10-years-on-the-2011-great-east-japan-earthquake-and-tsunami\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/developing-new-seismic-hazard-maps-for-the-uk\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/seismic_hazard_thumbnail-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"2007 Folkestone earthquake\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/seismic_hazard_thumbnail.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/developing-new-seismic-hazard-maps-for-the-uk\/\">Developing new seismic hazard maps for the UK<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>30\/11\/2020<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Understanding and quantifying the hazard earthquakes pose to the built environment in the UK.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/developing-new-seismic-hazard-maps-for-the-uk\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/seismic-data-featured-in-natural-history-museum-project-to-highlight-impact-of-covid-19\/\">Seismic data featured in Natural History Museum project to highlight impact of COVID-19<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>01\/10\/2020<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS seismic data is featured in a Natural History Museum Public engagement initiative, showing changes in the movement of people, air and noise pollution, and wildlife sightings in the UK during lockdown.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/seismic-data-featured-in-natural-history-museum-project-to-highlight-impact-of-covid-19\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/scientists-track-faults-ready-to-trigger-earthquakes\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ScientistsTrackFaultsReadyToTriggerEarthquakes_feature-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"The town of Anchorage. Source; stock photo.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ScientistsTrackFaultsReadyToTriggerEarthquakes_feature.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/scientists-track-faults-ready-to-trigger-earthquakes\/\">Scientists track faults ready to trigger earthquakes<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>22\/06\/2020<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/scientists-track-faults-ready-to-trigger-earthquakes\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work_feature-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Maintenance work.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work_feature.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>Hazards<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/\">Earthquakes and seismology research<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We are measuring, recording and analysing ground motions from earthquakes and other seismic events across the UK and overseas.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/scientists-report-drop-in-earths-movement-amid-coronavirus-lockdown\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coronavirus-g4821dea23_1280-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"coronavirus-g4821dea23_1280\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/coronavirus-g4821dea23_1280-960x640.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/scientists-report-drop-in-earths-movement-amid-coronavirus-lockdown\/\">Scientists report drop in Earth\u2019s movement amid coronavirus lockdown<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>09\/04\/2020<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A study in Brussels reported a drop in ambient seismic noise after the coronavirus lockdown started.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/scientists-report-drop-in-earths-movement-amid-coronavirus-lockdown\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We are measuring, recording and analysing ground motions from earthquakes and other seismic events across the UK and overseas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":42152,"parent":0,"menu_order":48,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"on","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"earthquakes, seismology, seismic data, earthquakes data, recent earthquakes, British earthquakes, world earthquakes, latest earthquakes, UK earthquakes","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"16523,17592,7818,17424,16555,15877","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"tags":[1270,1271],"region":[13,11,12,10,9,14,8,117,116],"topic":[25],"purpose":[],"area":[16],"challenge":[51],"challenge_topic":[137,140,141],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Earthquakes and seismology research - British Geological Survey<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Earthquake Seismology Science Capability measures, records and analyses ground motions from earthquakes and other seismic events across the UK and surrounding area.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Earthquakes and seismology research - British Geological Survey\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Earthquake Seismology Science Capability measures, records and analyses ground motions from earthquakes and other seismic events across the UK and surrounding area.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"British Geological Survey\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-08-29T14:07:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work_feature.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"430\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/\",\"name\":\"Earthquakes and seismology research - British Geological Survey\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work_feature.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-06-19T15:54:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-08-29T14:07:04+00:00\",\"description\":\"The Earthquake Seismology Science Capability measures, records and analyses ground motions from earthquakes and other seismic events across the UK and surrounding area.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work_feature.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work_feature.jpg\",\"width\":640,\"height\":430,\"caption\":\"Maintenance work.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Earthquakes and seismology research\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/\",\"name\":\"British Geological Survey\",\"description\":\"World-leading geological solutions\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#organization\",\"name\":\"British Geological Survey\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/BGS-logo-large.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/BGS-logo-large.png\",\"width\":250,\"height\":104,\"caption\":\"British Geological Survey\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Earthquakes and seismology research - British Geological Survey","description":"The Earthquake Seismology Science Capability measures, records and analyses ground motions from earthquakes and other seismic events across the UK and surrounding area.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Earthquakes and seismology research - British Geological Survey","og_description":"The Earthquake Seismology Science Capability measures, records and analyses ground motions from earthquakes and other seismic events across the UK and surrounding area.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/","og_site_name":"British Geological Survey","article_modified_time":"2023-08-29T14:07:04+00:00","og_image":[{"width":640,"height":430,"url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work_feature.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/","name":"Earthquakes and seismology research - British Geological Survey","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work_feature.jpg","datePublished":"2020-06-19T15:54:16+00:00","dateModified":"2023-08-29T14:07:04+00:00","description":"The Earthquake Seismology Science Capability measures, records and analyses ground motions from earthquakes and other seismic events across the UK and surrounding area.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work_feature.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/maintenance_work_feature.jpg","width":640,"height":430,"caption":"Maintenance work."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/earthquake-seismology\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Earthquakes and seismology research"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/","name":"British Geological Survey","description":"World-leading geological solutions","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#organization","name":"British Geological Survey","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/BGS-logo-large.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/BGS-logo-large.png","width":250,"height":104,"caption":"British Geological Survey"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_project\/41385"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_project"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/research_project"}],"version-history":[{"count":74,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_project\/41385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104581,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_project\/41385\/revisions\/104581"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42152"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41385"},{"taxonomy":"region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/region?post=41385"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=41385"},{"taxonomy":"purpose","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/purpose?post=41385"},{"taxonomy":"area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/area?post=41385"},{"taxonomy":"challenge","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/challenge?post=41385"},{"taxonomy":"challenge_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/challenge_topic?post=41385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}