{"id":36280,"date":"2020-06-01T10:13:56","date_gmt":"2020-06-01T10:13:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/resilience-of-asian-cities\/rp2-case-study-1-4\/"},"modified":"2020-08-18T08:39:30","modified_gmt":"2020-08-18T08:39:30","slug":"rp2-case-study-1-4","status":"publish","type":"research_project","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/resilience-of-asian-cities\/rp2-case-study-1-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Geology and groundwater: Varanasi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Geology and groundwater: Varanasi<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS Research &mdash; Resilience of Asian cities<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/resilience-of-asian-cities\/rp2-case-study-1-4\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Geology%20and%20groundwater:%20Varanasi&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/resilience-of-asian-cities\/rp2-case-study-1-4\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/resilience-of-asian-cities\/rp2-case-study-1-4\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Geology%20and%20groundwater:%20Varanasi&#038;body=Varanasi%20faces%20many%20environmental%20challenges.%20The%20city%20must%20modernise%20infrastructure%20while%20maintaining%20its%20rich%20cultural%20and%20spiritual%20heritage%20on%20the%20banks%20of%20the%20Ganges.%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/resilience-of-asian-cities\/rp2-case-study-1-4\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/resilience-of-asian-cities\/rp2-case-study-1-4\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>Varanasi, with a population of 1.2&nbsp;million people, faces many environmental challenges as the city must modernise its infrastructure while maintaining its rich cultural and spiritual heritage on the banks of the Ganges.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"owl-carousel carousel-primary-color carousel owl-theme thumbs-carousel-js\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Varanasi_IMG_0618.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Installation of nested groundwater monitoring wells in Varanasi, India. \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_77915\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Varanasi_IMG_0618-960x716.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Groundwater monitoring wells in Varanasi\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Installation of nested groundwater monitoring wells in Varanasi, India. \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Varanasi_IMG_0618.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Installation of nested groundwater monitoring wells in Varanasi, India. \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_77915\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/RP2-5.png\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Layered sediments on the bank of the River Ganges. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_77915\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/RP2-5-960x501.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Varanasi\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Layered sediments on the bank of the River Ganges. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/RP2-5.png\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Layered sediments on the bank of the River Ganges. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_77915\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n<p>Working with the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iitkgp.ac.in\/department\/GG\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur<\/a> and as part of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iitkgpsandhi.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SANDHI <\/a>project, we have jointly drilled a series of exploratory boreholes across the city, using the data from drilling to construct a 3D geological model of the city. We have also taken water samples and installed monitoring equipment to better understand how the movement of the River Ganges has controlled the deposition of sediments. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The model highlights areas where there are sand lenses passing beneath the city and linking to the river channel \u2014 a potential pathway for pollution to reach the river.&nbsp;The data collected will underpin urban planning and infrastructure development, as well as improving scientific understanding of how the river system is evolving in response to climatic and tectonic influences.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-5473-block_5e7b0d7d9c15e\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/resilience-of-asian-cities\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/feature_RP2-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"feature_RP2\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/feature_RP2.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/resilience-of-asian-cities\/\">Resilience of Asian cities<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our research aims to improve city resilience by integrating geology into urban subsurface planning and urban-catchment science in India and south-east Asia<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/resilience-of-asian-cities\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Varanasi faces many environmental challenges. The city must modernise infrastructure while maintaining its rich cultural and spiritual heritage on the banks of the Ganges.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":40540,"parent":22789,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"34127,16687,9854,33241,18527,9742","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"tags":[],"region":[],"topic":[],"purpose":[],"area":[],"challenge":[],"challenge_topic":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Geology and groundwater: Varanasi - British Geological Survey<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Varanasi faces many environmental challenges. 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