{"id":34538,"date":"2020-05-26T07:15:13","date_gmt":"2020-05-26T07:15:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?post_type=research_project&#038;p=34538"},"modified":"2020-07-29T13:21:36","modified_gmt":"2020-07-29T13:21:36","slug":"volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha","status":"publish","type":"research_project","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/","title":{"rendered":"Volcanism on Tristan da Cunha"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Volcanism on Tristan da Cunha<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS Research &mdash; Volcanoes <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Volcanism%20on%20Tristan%20da%20Cunha&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Volcanism%20on%20Tristan%20da%20Cunha&#038;body=Tristan%20da%20Cuhna%20is%20an%20active%20volcano%20in%20the%20South%20Atlantic%20Ocean.%20The%20BGS%20is%20developing%20research%20on%20the%20island%20to%20better%20understand%20the%20volcanic%20processes%20and%20associated%20hazards.%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>Tristan da Cunha is part of the UK Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, and is located in the South Atlantic Ocean, some 2816&nbsp;km from the nearest mainland of South Africa. It has been occupied since around 1816 and is home to the most remote island community in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The entire population of 246 live in the village of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (locally called &#8216;The Settlement&#8217;) on the north coast of the island. The islanders farm and fish for food, although they do have monthly visits from cargo ships to supply them with other items. You can find out more about the population and Tristan da Cunha\u2019s history <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tristandc.com\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"owl-carousel carousel-primary-color carousel owl-theme thumbs-carousel-js\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tristan_da_Cunha.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;A view of Tristan da Cunha island on a clear and calm day. \u00a9 Anna Hicks.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_69801\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tristan_da_Cunha.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Tristan_da_Cunha\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>A view of Tristan da Cunha island on a clear and calm day. \u00a9 Anna Hicks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tristan_da_Cunha.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;A view of Tristan da Cunha island on a clear and calm day. \u00a9 Anna Hicks.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_69801\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/remotest_island.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The most remote island in the world. \u00a9 Anna Hicks.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_69801\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/remotest_island.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"The most remote island in the world.\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>The most remote island in the world. \u00a9 Anna Hicks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/remotest_island.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The most remote island in the world. \u00a9 Anna Hicks.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_69801\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Edinburgh_of_the_seven_seas.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;A view of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, taken from the summit of the 1961 lava dome. \u00a9 Anna Hicks.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_69801\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Edinburgh_of_the_seven_seas.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Edinburgh of the Seven Seas\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>A view of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, taken from the summit of the 1961 lava dome. \u00a9 Anna Hicks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Edinburgh_of_the_seven_seas.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;A view of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, taken from the summit of the 1961 lava dome. \u00a9 Anna Hicks.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_69801\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Big_green_hill.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Big Green Hill, one of many scoria cones on the island. \u00a9 Anna Hicks.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_69801\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Big_green_hill-960x497.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Big_green_hill\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Big Green Hill, one of many scoria cones on the island. \u00a9 Anna Hicks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Big_green_hill.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Big Green Hill, one of many scoria cones on the island. \u00a9 Anna Hicks.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_69801\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Volcanic history<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tristan da Cunha is an active volcano. It is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/discovering-geology\/earth-hazards\/volcanoes\/how-volcanoes-form\/#stratovolcano\">stratovolcano<\/a> built up of layers of lava and pyroclastic material. The highest point is St Mary\u2019s Peak at 2060&nbsp;m. Tristan has erupted from the summit and has evidence of smaller eruptions all over the flanks of the volcano, creating cinder cones primarily made from pyroclastic material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are also lake-filled depressions on the volcano called maars, which were formed when rising magma made contact with underground water creating an explosion and forming a crater at the surface. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The other way Tristan has erupted in the past is in the form of volcanic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/discovering-geology\/earth-hazards\/volcanoes\/how-volcanoes-form\/#dome\">domes<\/a>. The most recent eruption was a dome-forming eruption in 1961\u201362 right next to the Settlement. The eruption lasted four months and was preceded by two months of tremors felt by the inhabitants. As the lava dome grew bigger, fissures opened up near the Settlement and lava began flowing out of the vent towards homes. The islanders evacuated and spent two years in Southampton, UK, before returning to Tristan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">BGS research<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On 29 July 2004, a sequence of volcanic earthquakes began, which were felt by the islanders. The largest earthquake was magnitude 4.8 and fresh pumice was washed up on some of the beaches. BGS staff carried out<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/7137\/\" target=\"_blank\"> rapid seismic and volcanic analysis<\/a> and deduced that a submarine eruption had taken place 37\u201353&nbsp;km south-south-east of the island. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The BGS co-funded an interdisciplinary PhD project in 2008 on volcanic risk reduction on Tristan da Cunha. The study included an analysis of the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/gsa\/geology\/article\/40\/8\/723\/130981\/Tristan-da-Cunha-Constraining-eruptive-behavior\" target=\"_blank\">ages of previous eruptions<\/a>,  showing that Tristan is much younger and has a much more complex eruptive history than previously thought. The study combined this new knowledge with other geological, geographical and societal information to develop <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net\/14\/1871\/2014\/nhess-14-1871-2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">eruption scenarios<\/a>, which were used for local and national planning. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We are continuing to develop research on Tristan da Cunha to better understand the volcanic processes and associated hazards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contact<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to discover more then please contact <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/hicks-anna\/\">Anna Hicks<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-1433-block_5eccc0417f9bd\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_volcanology-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Yasur volcano - Anna Hicks\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_volcanology.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\">Volcanology<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our scientists lead research projects and work in partnerships around the world to improve our understanding of volcanic processes, hazards and risks.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/geoscience-in-the-overseas-territories\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/lava_plain_feature-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Lava plain\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/lava_plain_feature.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/geoscience-in-the-overseas-territories\/\">Geoscience in the Overseas Territories<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The UK\u2019s 14 Overseas Territories (UKOTs) are highly diverse islands, geographically dispersed around the world in different climate zones. Most are small islands that are particularly vulnerable to natural hazards and climate change.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/geoscience-in-the-overseas-territories\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tristan da Cuhna is an active volcano in the South Atlantic Ocean. The BGS is developing research on the island to better understand the volcanic processes and associated hazards.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":34670,"parent":28305,"menu_order":11,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"33413,16555,8459,37510,37527,9939","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"region":[],"topic":[],"purpose":[],"area":[],"challenge":[],"challenge_topic":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Volcanism on Tristan da Cunha - British Geological Survey<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tristan da Cuhna is an active volcano in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is a stratovolcano built up of layers of lava and pyroclastic material.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Volcanism on Tristan da Cunha - British Geological Survey\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tristan da Cuhna is an active volcano in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is a stratovolcano built up of layers of lava and pyroclastic material.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"British Geological Survey\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-07-29T13:21:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Big_green_hill_feature.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"430\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/\",\"name\":\"Volcanism on Tristan da Cunha - British Geological Survey\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Big_green_hill_feature.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-26T07:15:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-07-29T13:21:36+00:00\",\"description\":\"Tristan da Cuhna is an active volcano in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is a stratovolcano built up of layers of lava and pyroclastic material.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Big_green_hill_feature.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Big_green_hill_feature.jpg\",\"width\":640,\"height\":430,\"caption\":\"Big Green Hill Feature\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Volcanology\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Volcanism on Tristan da Cunha\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/\",\"name\":\"British Geological Survey\",\"description\":\"World-leading geological solutions\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#organization\",\"name\":\"British Geological Survey\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/BGS-logo-large.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/BGS-logo-large.png\",\"width\":250,\"height\":104,\"caption\":\"British Geological Survey\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Volcanism on Tristan da Cunha - British Geological Survey","description":"Tristan da Cuhna is an active volcano in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is a stratovolcano built up of layers of lava and pyroclastic material.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Volcanism on Tristan da Cunha - British Geological Survey","og_description":"Tristan da Cuhna is an active volcano in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is a stratovolcano built up of layers of lava and pyroclastic material.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/","og_site_name":"British Geological Survey","article_modified_time":"2020-07-29T13:21:36+00:00","og_image":[{"width":640,"height":430,"url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Big_green_hill_feature.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/","name":"Volcanism on Tristan da Cunha - British Geological Survey","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Big_green_hill_feature.jpg","datePublished":"2020-05-26T07:15:13+00:00","dateModified":"2020-07-29T13:21:36+00:00","description":"Tristan da Cuhna is an active volcano in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is a stratovolcano built up of layers of lava and pyroclastic material.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Big_green_hill_feature.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Big_green_hill_feature.jpg","width":640,"height":430,"caption":"Big Green Hill Feature"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanism-on-tristan-da-cunha\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Volcanology","item":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Volcanism on Tristan da Cunha"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/","name":"British Geological Survey","description":"World-leading geological solutions","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#organization","name":"British Geological Survey","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/BGS-logo-large.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/BGS-logo-large.png","width":250,"height":104,"caption":"British Geological Survey"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_project\/34538"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_project"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/research_project"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_project\/34538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53441,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_project\/34538\/revisions\/53441"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_project\/28305"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34670"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34538"},{"taxonomy":"region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/region?post=34538"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=34538"},{"taxonomy":"purpose","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/purpose?post=34538"},{"taxonomy":"area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/area?post=34538"},{"taxonomy":"challenge","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/challenge?post=34538"},{"taxonomy":"challenge_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/challenge_topic?post=34538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}