{"id":34529,"date":"2020-05-26T07:06:35","date_gmt":"2020-05-26T07:06:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/riftvolc\/"},"modified":"2024-02-08T08:39:46","modified_gmt":"2024-02-08T08:39:46","slug":"riftvolc","status":"publish","type":"research_project","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/riftvolc\/","title":{"rendered":"RiftVolc"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>RiftVolc<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS Research &mdash; Volcanoes <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/riftvolc\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=RiftVolc&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/riftvolc\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/riftvolc\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=RiftVolc&#038;body=The%20BGS%20is%20researching%20past%20and%20current%20volcanism%20and%20volcanic%20hazards%20in%20the%20Main%20Ethiopian%20Rift.%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/riftvolc\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/riftvolc\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Rift volcanism: past, present, future<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ethiopia is the second most populous country in sub-Saharan Africa, with an estimated population of 110 million (UN, 2017) and population growth rate of 2.7 per cent (Central Statistical Agency, 2013). It suffers from the impacts of a range of natural hazards, including: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>droughts<\/li><li>earthquakes<\/li><li>famine<\/li><li>floods<\/li><li>ground cracking<\/li><li>landslides<\/li><li>volcanic eruptions <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Volcanic risks in Ethiopia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Whilst there are 59 volcanoes that are believed to be active within the Holocene, the knowledge of the past activity, processes driving activity and current extent of magmatism in Ethiopia is low by comparison with many other areas of the world. However, over 46 per cent of Ethiopia\u2019s population lives within 100&nbsp;km of a Holocene volcano and are exposed to volcanic hazards (Loughlin et al., 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our current understanding of volcanic hazards is largely derived from our knowledge and experience of activity in arc and intraplate oceanic settings. Continental rift settings, such as Ethiopia, where both effusive and explosive volcanism occur from fissure swarms, volcanic fields and stratovolcanoes, pose a different suite of challenges. In particular, the threat from large-magnitude explosions and their associated hazards in rift settings, particularly in the East African Rift, has likely been highly underestimated (Aspinall et al., 2011). Rapid population growth and development of towns and cities in this region are continuing with little or no regard for the long-term risks posed.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/East_Africa_Rift_Map.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Map of the East African Rift running from the Afar Triple Junction, along the Main Ethiopian Rift and continuing south through the Kenyan Rift, highlighting the RiftVolc project working area and the preceding Afar Rift project work. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_49414\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/East_Africa_Rift_Map-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"East Africa Rift Map\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/East_Africa_Rift_Map.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Map of the East African Rift running from the Afar Triple Junction, along the Main Ethiopian Rift and continuing south through the Kenyan Rift, highlighting the RiftVolc project working area and the preceding Afar Rift project work. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/East_Africa_Rift_Map.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Map of the East African Rift running from the Afar Triple Junction, along the Main Ethiopian Rift and continuing south through the Kenyan Rift, highlighting the RiftVolc project working area and the preceding Afar Rift project work. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_49414\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The RiftVolc project<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The BGS is part of a NERC Large Grant to research past and current volcanism and volcanic hazards in the Main Ethiopian Rift. The \u00a33.7&nbsp;million, five-year long project &#8216;RiftVolc&#8217; includes the universities of Edinburgh, Bristol, Cambridge, Leeds, Oxford and Southampton as well as Addis Ababa University and the Geological Survey of Ethiopia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The RiftVolc project builds on previous NERC-funded projects, including the <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1130\/2011.2478(04)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethiopia Afar Geoscientific Lithospheric Experiment <\/a>(EAGLE), the <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.see.leeds.ac.uk\/afar\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Afar Rift Consortium<\/a> (ARC) and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pml.ac.uk\/science\/projects\/NERC-Airborne-Research-Facility-(NERC-ARF)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Airborne Research  Facility<\/a>&#8216;s (ARF) data acquisition over volcanic complexes in the Afar Depression and the Main Ethiopian Rift. RiftVolc focuses on volcanoes and volcanic plumbing systems in three work packages (past, present and future volcanism) to address fundamental questions, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>what has driven eruptions over geological timescales?<\/li><li>what controls the active magmatic system and volcanic unrest?<\/li><li>what are the potential threats from future volcanic activity?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>We are leading the third work package, investigating potential future volcanic activity in the central Main Ethiopian Rift. An improved understanding of the evolution and functioning of volcanic systems, gained from finding the answers to the first two questions, will provide the foundation on which established and new methods to quantify volcanic hazard from high-risk central volcanoes, active rift segments and volcanic fields will be developed to answer the final question.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ara_Shatan_Butajira.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Ara Shatan (\u2018Devil\u2019s Lake\u2019) in Butajira volcanic field, within which Butajira town is sited with a population of over 35 000 people. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_40745\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ara_Shatan_Butajira-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Ara Shatan\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ara_Shatan_Butajira.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Ara Shatan (\u2018Devil\u2019s Lake\u2019) in Butajira volcanic field, within which Butajira town is sited with a population of over 35 000 people. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ara_Shatan_Butajira.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Ara Shatan (\u2018Devil\u2019s Lake\u2019) in Butajira volcanic field, within which Butajira town is sited with a population of over 35 000 people. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_40745\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Research areas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Our work includes the following specific research areas.<\/p>\n\n\n<div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Volcanic hazard assessment<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our research is focused on probabilistic assessment of volcanic hazards, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ash fall<\/li>\n<li>pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) and lava flows on volcanic centres that have high population exposure<\/li>\n<li>recent activity (eruptions; deformation; hydrothermal activity)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The research also represents contrasting styles of historical activity to optimise probabilistic forecasting methodologies for a range of eruptive scenarios.<\/p>\n<p>The hazard assessments are being developed at local, volcano-specific scales for ash fall, PDCs and lava flows and at regional scales for ash fall hazard. To enable hazard analyses, field data collected during the project alongside published data are used to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>inform frequency and magnitude of previous events<\/li>\n<li>define values used for modelling<\/li>\n<li>develop a suite of eruption scenarios<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Subsequently, physical and statistical modelling can be run to characterise the inundation by different volcanic hazards, the probability of an area being impacted, and to quantify uncertainty.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_34649\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34649\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34649\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fault_scarp_fentale_volcano-960x497.jpg\" alt=\"Fault scarp\" width=\"960\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fault_scarp_fentale_volcano-960x497.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fault_scarp_fentale_volcano-768x398.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fault_scarp_fentale_volcano.jpg 1332w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34649\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo of a fault scarp through basaltic lava flows on the flanks of Fentale volcano being investigated as part of an Ethiopian PhD project at Addis Ababa University, supported by and co-supervised by the BGS. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Dealing with uncertainties<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In data-poor environments, determining the frequency and magnitude of past eruptions can be very challenging. We use expert elicitation as a tool to characterise the knowledge and opinions of scientific experts in a quantitative way through a series of set questions, to inform uncertainty around frequency-magnitude relationships.<\/p>\n<p>During RiftVolc we have used the SHeffield ELicitation Framework (SHELF), which elicits the judgement of a small number of experts. Elicitation does not provide an answer, rather a step towards better understanding of the volcanic system.<\/p>\n<p>Use of analogues has also been investigated and a tool developed to identify where data-rich volcanic histories may help to plug the gaps in data in Ethiopia (Tierz et al., 2019).<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Institutional capacity development<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We are supporting the Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy at Addis Ababa University, which is a geophysical observatory for Ethiopia, through installation of real-time telemetry for seismometers in the Main Ethiopian Rift to augment initiatives in Ethiopia to improve monitoring capacity.<\/p>\n<p>The development of telemetry accompanies a series of training events from seismology to data processing that have been held in Ethiopia.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Supporting disaster risk reduction initiatives<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We have worked alongside our Ethiopian partners at Addis Ababa University, the Geological Survey of Ethiopia and the National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMC) through a series of workshops in Ethiopia since 2012. Held in 2012, 2016, 2017 and two in 2019, the events have drawn on findings from RiftVolc and the BGS ODA programme to create the platform for our Ethiopian colleagues to make the difference that is needed by providing science to support evidence-based decision making in Ethiopia.<\/p>\n<p>The NDRMC announced via media interviews that they are shifting from reactive crisis management to <a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/ethiopia\/ndrmc-shifts-crisis-managing-geohazard-risks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anticipation of geohazards<\/a> in response to the most recent workshop.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_34647\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34647\" style=\"width: 690px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34647\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Breakout_group_Ethiopia.jpg\" alt=\"Breakout group Eithiopia\" width=\"690\" height=\"690\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Breakout_group_Ethiopia.jpg 690w, https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Breakout_group_Ethiopia-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34647\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the breakout groups during the workshop \u2018From geohazard risk to action in Ethiopia\u2019, 6\u20137 November 2019. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Key references<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aspinall, W, Auker, M, Hincks, T K, Mahony, S, Nadim, F, Pooley, J, Sparks, R S J, and Syre, E. 2011. Volcano Hazard and Exposure in Track II Countries and Risk Mitigation Measures \u2014 GFDRR Volcano Risk Study. <em>Bristol University Cabot Institute and NGI Norway for the World Bank<\/em>: NGI Report 20100806.<\/p>\n<p>Loughlin, S C, Sparks, S, Brown, S K, Jenkins, S F, and Vye-Brown, C. (editors). 2015. Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.)<\/p>\n<p>Tierz, P, Loughlin, S C, and Calder, E S. 2019. VOLCANS: an objective, structured and reproducible method for identifying sets of analogue volcanoes. <em>Bulletin of Volcanology<\/em>, Vol. 81(12), 76.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contact<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to discover more then please contact <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/brown-charlotte\/\">Charlotte Brown<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-824-block_5eccc0417f9bd\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_volcanology-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Yasur volcano - Anna Hicks\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_volcanology.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\">Volcanology<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our scientists lead research projects and work in partnerships around the world to improve our understanding of volcanic processes, hazards and risks.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/global-geological-risk\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/P063643-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Pyroclastic flow engulfing a house in Monserrat\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/P063643-960x620.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/global-geological-risk\/\">Global geological risk<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our research focuses on characterising complex, multi-hazard processes with the aim of improving resilience of communities to hazards.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/global-geological-risk\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The BGS is researching past and current volcanism and volcanic hazards in the Main Ethiopian Rift.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":34650,"parent":28305,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"17549,8486,17664,33241,7336,17122","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"tags":[],"region":[],"topic":[],"purpose":[],"area":[],"challenge":[],"challenge_topic":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - 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