{"id":31562,"date":"2020-05-13T20:37:33","date_gmt":"2020-05-13T20:37:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?post_type=research_project&#038;p=31562"},"modified":"2024-02-07T10:10:19","modified_gmt":"2024-02-07T10:10:19","slug":"storage-site-characterisation","status":"publish","type":"research_project","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/carbon-capture-and-storage\/storage-site-characterisation\/","title":{"rendered":"Storage site characterisation"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Storage site characterisation<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS Research &mdash; carbon capture and storage<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/carbon-capture-and-storage\/storage-site-characterisation\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Storage%20site%20characterisation&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/carbon-capture-and-storage\/storage-site-characterisation\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/carbon-capture-and-storage\/storage-site-characterisation\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Storage%20site%20characterisation&#038;body=Successful%20storage%20operations%20require%20rigorous%20site%20characterisation%20focused%20on%20risk%20reduction%20for%20selected%20storage%20sites.%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/carbon-capture-and-storage\/storage-site-characterisation\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/carbon-capture-and-storage\/storage-site-characterisation\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>Successful storage operations require rigorous site characterisation focused on risk reduction for selected storage sites. This includes demonstrating that sites investigated for storage have sufficient capacity to store the expected CO<sub>2<\/sub> volumes and sufficient injectivity to receive the expected rate of supplied CO<sub>2<\/sub>. It will also demonstrate that the site will perform effectively and safely and inform monitoring requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CO<sub>2<\/sub> injection into storage sites in the UK may affect the surrounding geological strata, nearby potential storage sites and other subsurface operations (e.g. hydrocarbon extraction). This could be on a permanent or temporary basis. Understanding how multiple storage sites in a region or within the same geological formation interact during operation and following site closure will be essential when planning storage in the UK offshore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Assessments in the UK <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A practical approach is essential if prospective storage operators are to conduct fit-for-purpose site characterisation to meet the regulatory requirements needed for a CO<sub>2<\/sub> storage permit. BGS-led characterisation research into a credible UK North Sea site underpins the best practice guidelines and characterisation workflow to meet the requirements of the EU CO<sub>2<\/sub> storage directive presented by the <a href=\"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/256705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SiteChar<\/a> project. Characterisation of a UK site for storage in a depleted hydrocarbon field and the surrounding Captain Sandstone was sufficient to prepare a \u2018dry-run\u2019 storage permit application for review by regulators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The immense potential CO<sub>2<\/sub> storage resource that underlies the North Sea can only be fully optimised if more than one injection site can operate in a rock formation. Research led by BGS in <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sccs.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scottish Carbon Capture &amp; Storage<\/a>&#8216;s (SCCS) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sccs.org.uk\/expertise\/projects\/completed-projects\/co2multistore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CO<sub>2<\/sub>Multistore<\/a> project aims to reduce uncertainties and increase confidence in the operation of two or more sites within a single, extensive sandstone formation. Generic learning from the investigation of two realistic injection sites in the Captain Sandstone is relevant and applicable to other sandstone formations in the North Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"owl-carousel carousel-primary-color carousel owl-theme thumbs-carousel-js\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/CaptainSandstone.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Location of the Captain Sandstone, Central North Sea.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_41128\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/CaptainSandstone-960x497.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Captain Sandstone North Sea\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Location of the Captain Sandstone, Central North Sea.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/CaptainSandstone.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Location of the Captain Sandstone, Central North Sea.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_41128\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/CaptainSandstonedepth.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;3D image of the upper surface of the Captain Sandstone in the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;MultiStore model.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_41128\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/CaptainSandstonedepth-960x497.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"CO2 multistore\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>3D image of the upper surface of the Captain Sandstone in the CO<sub>2<\/sub>MultiStore model.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/CaptainSandstonedepth.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;3D image of the upper surface of the Captain Sandstone in the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt;MultiStore model.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_41128\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n<p>The Bunter Sandstone is a rock unit in the southern part of the North Sea with folded, dome-like structures first identified as being prospective for CO<sub>2<\/sub> storage by the BGS (Holloway et al., 2006). Subsequent BGS research has focused on determining aspects of the sandstone that will affect its potential to store CO<sub>2<\/sub> in the future. This includes characterisation of the reservoir geometry and properties, studies of risks associated with faulting of the reservoir and overburden, and fluid flow simulations to study the storage capacity of the reservoir in more detail and to predict the response of the Bunter aquifer system to injection of CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fig2_v2.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Results for a simulation using increased overburden permeability: (a) reservoir pressure increase; (b) reservoir pressure as a percentage of lithostatic pressure; (c) CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; saturation after 50 years; (d) CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; saturation after 3000 years; (e) reservoir pressure changes at the observation points; (f) brine flow rate and cumulative flow from the seabed outcrop.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_34795\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fig2_v2-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Results for simulation using increased overburden permeability\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fig2_v2.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Results for a simulation using increased overburden permeability: (a) reservoir pressure increase; (b) reservoir pressure as a percentage of lithostatic pressure; (c) CO<sub>2<\/sub> saturation after 50 years; (d) CO<sub>2<\/sub> saturation after 3000 years; (e) reservoir pressure changes at the observation points; (f) brine flow rate and cumulative flow from the seabed outcrop.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fig2_v2.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Results for a simulation using increased overburden permeability: (a) reservoir pressure increase; (b) reservoir pressure as a percentage of lithostatic pressure; (c) CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; saturation after 50 years; (d) CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; saturation after 3000 years; (e) reservoir pressure changes at the observation points; (f) brine flow rate and cumulative flow from the seabed outcrop.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_34795\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n<div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Key references<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Akhurst, M C, Hannis, S D, Quinn, M F, Shi, J-Q, Koenen, M, Delprat-Jannaud, F, Bossie-Codreanu, D, Nagy, S, Klimkowski, L, Gei, D, Pluymaekers, M, and Long, D. 2015. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2516\/ogst\/2015013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Risk assessment-led characterisation of the SiteChar UK North Sea site for the geological storage of CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/a>. <em>Oil &amp; Gas Science and Technology Review<\/em>, Vol. 70(4), 567\u2013586.<\/p>\n<p>Chadwick, R A, Arts, R, Bernstone C, May, F, Thibeau, S, and Zweigel, P. 2008. <a href=\"http:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/2959\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Best practice for the storage of CO<sub>2<\/sub> in saline aquifers <em>\u2014 <\/em>observations and guidelines from the SACS and CO2STORE projects<\/a>. <em>British Geological Survey Occasional Publication<\/em> No. 14. (Nottingham, UK: British Geological Survey.)<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"person nerc_int_name\"><span class=\"person_name\">Holloway, S,<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"person nerc_int_name\"><span class=\"person_name\">Vincent, C J, and<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"person nerc_int_name\"><span class=\"person_name\">Kirk, K. 2006. Industrial carbon dioxide emissions and carbon dioxide storage potential in the UK. <em>British Geological Survey Commissioned Report<\/em> CR\/06\/185N. (Nottingham, UK: British Geological Survey.)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Noy, D J, Holloway, S, Chadwick, R A, Williams, J D O, Hannis, S A, and Lahann, R W. 2012. \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijggc.2012.03.011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Modelling large-scale carbon dioxide injection into the Bunter Sandstone in the UK Southern North Sea.<\/a> <em>International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control<\/em>, Vol. 9, 220\u2013233.<\/p>\n<p>Williams, J D O, Holloway, S, and Williams, G A. 2014. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/petgeo2013-019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pressure constraints on the CO<sub>2<\/sub> storage capacity of the saline water-bearing parts of the Bunter Sandstone Formation in the UK Southern North Sea.<\/a> <em>Petroleum Geoscience<\/em>, Vol. 20, 155\u2013167.<\/p>\n<p>Williams, J D O, Jin, M, Bentham, M, Pickup, G E, Hannis, S D, and Mackay, E J. 2013. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijggc.2013.06.015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Modelling carbon dioxide storage within closed structures in the UK Bunter Sandstone Formation.<\/a> <em>International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control<\/em>, Vol. 18, 38\u201350.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contact<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to discover more then please contact <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/pearce-jonathan\/\">Jonathan Pearce<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-4016-block_df35e7cba28af5ef976da545f3cc1129\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/carbon-capture-and-storage\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/p542294_thumbnail-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"power station at Ratcliffe-on-Soar\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/p542294_thumbnail.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/carbon-capture-and-storage\/\">Carbon capture and storage<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The BGS is recognised as a European centre of excellence for the study of carbon dioxide storage. We have a dedicated team active in a number of research areas.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/carbon-capture-and-storage\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Successful storage operations require rigorous site characterisation focused on risk reduction for selected storage sites.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":31656,"parent":31044,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"63981,84321,80128,108349,85484,78754","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"region":[],"topic":[],"purpose":[],"area":[],"challenge":[],"challenge_topic":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - 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