{"id":28305,"date":"2020-04-29T10:35:29","date_gmt":"2020-04-29T10:35:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?post_type=research_project&#038;p=28305"},"modified":"2022-10-03T07:55:41","modified_gmt":"2022-10-03T07:55:41","slug":"volcanoes","status":"publish","type":"research_project","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/","title":{"rendered":"Volcanology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Volcanology<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS \r\nResearch<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Volcanology&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Volcanology&#038;body=Our%20scientists%20lead%20research%20projects%20and%20work%20in%20partnerships%20around%20the%20world%20to%20improve%20our%20understanding%20of%20volcanic%20processes,%20hazards%20and%20risks.%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/banner_volcanology-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur hero-img\" alt=\"Yasur volcano - Anna Hicks\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/banner_volcanology-1400x467.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>Our scientists draw on a broad range of expertise across the BGS and from collaborative research worldwide to improve understanding of volcanic processes, hazards and risks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By nature, volcanic research is multidisciplinary, covering a broad area of physical sciences including atmospheric, earth and marine sciences; remote sensing; numerical and experimental modelling, and data science.&nbsp;We embrace interdisciplinary research and routinely use social science methods in our research.&nbsp;Our scientists lead research projects and work in partnerships both in the UK and internationally. <\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/P731722.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull volcanic eruption, Iceland, May 2010. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_30786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/P731722-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull volcanic eruption, Iceland May 2010\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/P731722.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull volcanic eruption, Iceland, May 2010. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/P731722.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull volcanic eruption, Iceland, May 2010. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_30786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>Our research relies on our strong in-country partnerships. Through engagement with national to local civil protection agencies, government departments, research institutions, civil society groups, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the private sector and communities both in the UK and overseas, we are contributing to strategies for disaster risk reduction. We work with national and international government agencies on innovative research and to provide support and scientific advice not only during volcanic unrest, but also in preparation for potential future unrest and eruptions.<\/p>\n\n\n<div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Eruption processes<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS Volcanology researchers are improving knowledge and understanding of eruption processes through research and the development of novel computational tools. \u00a0Our research involves:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>field mapping and deposit-characteristic analysis<\/li>\n<li>geochronological, petrological and geochemical analyses<\/li>\n<li>laboratory- to large-scale experiments<\/li>\n<li>numerical and experimental modelling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Single and multi-hazard volcanic analysis<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Volcanoes are multi-hazard environments with eruptions rarely resulting in just a single hazard. Hazards can occur simultaneously or can be cascading. Our research on volcanic hazard analysis and assessment involves both quantitative and qualitative approaches:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>deterministic and probabilistic numerical modelling of volcanic ash fall and dispersal; gas dispersal; pyroclastic density currents; lahars, and vent opening<\/li>\n<li>probabilistic event trees and statistical emulators<\/li>\n<li>development of eruption scenarios, expert elicitation and use of global databases<\/li>\n<li>understanding of uncertainties and their implications<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Disaster risk reduction<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our research aims to provide evidence to support both disaster risk reduction and development, so communities worldwide can live with and benefit from volcanoes.<\/p>\n<p>We work collaboratively across the BGS and with international partners on a range of projects, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>exposure, vulnerability and impact analyses for a range of volcanic hazards<\/li>\n<li>effective risk communication through story telling and collaborative film making<\/li>\n<li>global reporting of volcanic activity, including providing scientific advice to the UK government and the <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/echo\/what\/civil-protection\/mechanism_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Union Civil Protection Mechanism<\/a> (specifically the <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/echo\/what\/civil-protection\/emergency-response-coordination-centre-ercc_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emergency Response Coordination Centre<\/a>) on volcanic eruptions and their impacts<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/citizen-science\/\">citizen science<\/a> and its contribution to disaster risk reduction, both in the UK and overseas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Eruption response<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the past, the UK has been affected by volcanic eruptions in Iceland, the most notable being the 2010 Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull and 2011 Gr\u00edmsv\u00f6tn eruptions, which resulted in disruption of air traffic in the North Atlantic and Europe.<\/p>\n<p>BGS scientists respond to volcanic eruptions and contribute to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/scientific-advisory-group-for-emergencies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scientific Advisory Group in Emergencies<\/a> (SAGE). We are part of a Memorandum of Understanding with the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.vedur.is\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Icelandic Meteorological Office<\/a>, the UK <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Met Office<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncas.ac.uk\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Centre for Atmospheric Science<\/a> in order to enhance scientific collaboration before during and after eruptions.<\/p>\n<p>Our scientists also respond to eruptions worldwide as appropriate, providing advice or a collaborative scientific response.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-9841-block_5eb9be10374da\" class=\"cards-carousel-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Our research<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 owl-carousel carousel-basic-2-color owl-theme carousel-js\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/ash-collection\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_MPLQ239S1_009-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Large ash aggregate - halite and glass\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_MPLQ239S1_009.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/ash-collection\/\">Ash collection<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the event of an eruption in Iceland volcanic emissions may affect the UK. If they do, we need you to collect observations and samples to help us learn about the nature of the eruption.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/ash-collection\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanic-debris-flows\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Lahars_Plymouth_Montserrat_P591997_NERC_GovernmentofMontserrat-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Lahar car Plymouth, Monserrat\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Lahars_Plymouth_Montserrat_P591997_NERC_GovernmentofMontserrat-960x497.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanic-debris-flows\/\">Volcanic debris flows<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Debris flows, also known as lahars when they involve volcanic material, are mixtures of sediments and water that flow down the slopes in response to gravity.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/volcanic-debris-flows\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/eruption-source-parameters\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eyjafjallajokull_volcano_plume_2010_04_17_wikipedia_feature-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Eyjafjallajokull volcano\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eyjafjallajokull_volcano_plume_2010_04_17_wikipedia_feature-960x497.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/eruption-source-parameters\/\">Eruption source parameters<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Eruption source parameters (ESPs) are those parameters that describe the initiation condition for numerical models. Different models require different input parameters; the quality of model outputs is dependent on the quality of model inputs.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/eruption-source-parameters\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/pyroclastic-density-currents\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Montserrat_pyroclastic_flow_feature_P264187-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Montserrat pyroclastic flow\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Montserrat_pyroclastic_flow_feature_P264187.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/pyroclastic-density-currents\/\">Pyroclastic density currents<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are perhaps the most hazardous events to local areas during explosive volcanic eruptions. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/pyroclastic-density-currents\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/modelling-of-volcanic-ash\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Volcanic_plume_Feature_P731736-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Volcanic plume\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Volcanic_plume_Feature_P731736.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/modelling-of-volcanic-ash\/\">Modelling of volcanic ash<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Volcanic ash in the atmosphere is a hazard particularly for civil aviation. Atmospheric dispersion models are used to predict volcanic ash transport. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/modelling-of-volcanic-ash\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/krakatau\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Drone_imagery_Anak_Krakatau_Feature_Edo_Marshall-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Drone imagery of Anak Krakatau\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Drone_imagery_Anak_Krakatau_Feature_Edo_Marshall.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/krakatau\/\">Understanding eruptive activity and related hazards at Krakatau volcano<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The BGS is involved in research to understand eruptive processes and implications for tsunami initiation at Krakatau.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/krakatau\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/aristotle-enhsp\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/2007_Volcan_de_Fuego_feature-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"2007_Volcan_de_Fuego_feature\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/2007_Volcan_de_Fuego_feature.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/aristotle-enhsp\/\">ARISTOTLE-ENHSP<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The ARISTOTLE-ENHSP project delivers multi-hazard advice capability to the Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/aristotle-enhsp\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/riftvolc\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fault_scarp_fentale_volcano_feature-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Fault scarp\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fault_scarp_fentale_volcano_feature.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/riftvolc\/\">RiftVolc<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The BGS is researching past and current volcanism and volcanic hazards in the Main Ethiopian Rift.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/riftvolc\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/eurovolc\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/european_volcanoes_feature-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"European volcanoes\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/european_volcanoes_feature.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/eurovolc\/\">EUROVOLC<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>EUROVOLC will construct a European volcanological community able to fully support, exploit and build upon existing and emerging national and pan-European volcano research. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/eurovolc\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/geoscience-in-the-overseas-territories\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/lava_plain_feature-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Lava plain\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/lava_plain_feature.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/geoscience-in-the-overseas-territories\/\">Geoscience in the Overseas Territories<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The UK\u2019s 14 Overseas Territories (UKOTs) are highly diverse islands, geographically dispersed around the world in different climate zones. Most are small islands that are particularly vulnerable to natural hazards and climate change.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/geoscience-in-the-overseas-territories\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/citizen-science-for-multi-hazards\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/myHAZ_feature-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"myHAZ\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/myHAZ_feature.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/citizen-science-for-multi-hazards\/\">Citizen science for multi-hazards and disaster risk reduction<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We are using citizen science for people to develop a shared understanding of hazardous phenomena and for communities to contribute to hazard forecasting and early warning.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/citizen-science-for-multi-hazards\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/landscapes-of-the-mind\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Jupiter_artland_cells_Carol_Cotterill_feature-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Jupiter Artland\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Jupiter_artland_cells_Carol_Cotterill_feature.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/landscapes-of-the-mind\/\">Landscapes of the mind<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u2018Landscapes of the Mind\u2019 is a network of people with a common interest in landscapes, particularly those in Scotland! Our network aims to contribute to an evidence base to support decision making about landscape, as well as open up dialogue about the contribution and importance of the arts in environmental research.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/landscapes-of-the-mind\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-7038-block_5e7b0d7d9c15e\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/bgs-international\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/BGS_global_pexels_2422-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"BGS Global Geoscience\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/BGS_global_pexels_2422.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/bgs-international\/\">International geoscience<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The BGS is active across the globe delivering institutional strengthening programmes and applied research projects across a wide variety of sectors.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/bgs-international\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/global-geological-risk\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/P063643-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Pyroclastic flow engulfing a house in Monserrat\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/P063643-960x620.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/global-geological-risk\/\">Global geological risk<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our research focuses on characterising complex, multi-hazard processes with the aim of improving resilience of communities to hazards.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/global-geological-risk\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/geodesy\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/feature_ESA_satellite-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"ESA satellite\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/feature_ESA_satellite.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/geodesy\/\">Geodesy and Earth Observation<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We develop and use innovative Earth observation (EO) techniques to characterise and monitor Earth processes that impact lives and livelihoods. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/geodesy\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/P757469-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"In 1979, the the A625 road was permanently closed to traffic and what remains today is an interesting example of landslide movement and repeated road reconstruction and repair.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/P757469.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/\">Shallow geohazards<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Measuring, recording and analysing near-surface geological hazards including landslides, sinkholes and discontinuities.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/landslides\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/P786645-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Debris pathway downslope, partly netted. Debris on the railway line has been cleared and the line is in the process of being repaired.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/P786645.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/landslides\/\">Landslides<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The BGS landslides team is involved in many aspects of landslide research, with the primary objective of building resilience both in the UK and internationally.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/landslides\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/global-geological-risk\/pathways-to-action\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/feature_effective_comms-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"feature_effective_comms\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/feature_effective_comms.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/global-geological-risk\/pathways-to-action\/\">Pathways to Action<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The &#8216;Pathways to Action&#8217; project aims to characterise flows of communication within and between communities to help reduce multi-hazard risk.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/global-geological-risk\/pathways-to-action\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section  style=\"background-image:url('https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/News-events-scaled.jpg')\" id=\"latest-content-8620-block_633a948a3e62d\" class=\"cards-carousel-section  basic-background-1   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Related news<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 owl-carousel carousel-basic-2-color owl-theme carousel-js\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/uk-legacy-geothermal-catalogue-released-in-digital-format-for-the-first-time\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/distribution-of-sites-sample-geothermal-catalogue-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Distribution of sites in the first digital release of the legacy geothermal catalogue. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/distribution-of-sites-sample-geothermal-catalogue.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/uk-legacy-geothermal-catalogue-released-in-digital-format-for-the-first-time\/\">UK legacy geothermal catalogue released in digital format for the first time<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>18\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS has released the first digital version of the UK legacy geothermal catalogue of subsurface temperature measurements, rock thermal conductivity measurements and heat flow calculations.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/uk-legacy-geothermal-catalogue-released-in-digital-format-for-the-first-time\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-research-supports-conservation-of-fallow-deer-across-europe\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fallow-deer-bob-brewer-14A9X2feLJ8-unsplash-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Fallow deer stag \u00a9 Bob Brewer\/Unsplash.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fallow-deer-bob-brewer-14A9X2feLJ8-unsplash.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>Research highlight<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-research-supports-conservation-of-fallow-deer-across-europe\/\">New research supports conservation of fallow deer across Europe<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>16\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>New research has combined zooarchaeology and ancient and modern biomolecular datasets to reveal new understandings into the history and projections of fallow deer. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-research-supports-conservation-of-fallow-deer-across-europe\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-signs-memorandum-of-understanding-with-servico-geologico-do-brasil\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240303_164711_web-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Representatives from the Servi\u00e7o Geol\u00f3gico do Brasil and BGS at the signing event. Copyright: Rafael Sandim\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240303_164711_web.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-signs-memorandum-of-understanding-with-servico-geologico-do-brasil\/\">BGS signs memorandum of understanding with Servi\u00e7o Geol\u00f3gico do Brasil<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>10\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The partnership will advance the two organisations\u2019 shared interests in mineral research and geoscience to help benefit society. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-signs-memorandum-of-understanding-with-servico-geologico-do-brasil\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/world-mineral-production-2018-to-2022-is-now-available\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/World_Mineral_Production_2018_2022-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"BGS World Mineral Production 2018 to 2022\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/World_Mineral_Production_2018_2022.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/world-mineral-production-2018-to-2022-is-now-available\/\">World Mineral Production 2018 to 2022 is now available<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>09\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The latest edition of World Mineral Production has been released.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/world-mineral-production-2018-to-2022-is-now-available\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-underground-observatory-open-for-research\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/UKGEOS_Cheshire_Keys_website-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Dr Mike Spence, Director of Science for the UK Geoenergy Observatories, receives the keys to the Cheshire Observatory from AECOM, principal contractor for construction of the site. Source: BGS \u00a9 UKRI\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/UKGEOS_Cheshire_Keys_website.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-underground-observatory-open-for-research\/\">New underground observatory open for research<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>09\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Construction has been completed on the Cheshire Observatory and the facility is now open for research activities.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-underground-observatory-open-for-research\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-read-more  event\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/2024-mine-water-energy-symposium\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Mine-Water-Symposium-2024-speaker-cards-960-x-645-px-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"2024 Mine Water Energy Symposium - 24 to 26 April 2024\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Mine-Water-Symposium-2024-speaker-cards-960-x-645-px.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS events<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/2024-mine-water-energy-symposium\/\">2024 Mine Water Energy Symposium<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Event from 24\/04\/2024 to 26\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><p>Now in its fourth year, the 2024 Mine Water Energy Symposium will be held in person for the first time in April 2024, with online streaming functionality.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/2024-mine-water-energy-symposium\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-leads-update-of-the-earths-magnetic-field-maps\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/IGRF-13_Declination_2020-960x645-1-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"IGRF-13 map of declination angle (in degrees east or west of true north) for 2020. \u00a9 UKRI\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/IGRF-13_Declination_2020-960x645-1.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-leads-update-of-the-earths-magnetic-field-maps\/\">BGS leads update to maps of the Earth\u2019s magnetic field<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>04\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The International Geomagnetic Reference Field, used for navigation on mobile phones and in space, is updated every five years. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-leads-update-of-the-earths-magnetic-field-maps\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/uk-bidding-to-host-the-international-geological-congress-2028\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/river-clyde-cityscape-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"River Clyde, Glasgow. \u00a9 Glasgow Life, Paul Watt Photography\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/river-clyde-cityscape.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/uk-bidding-to-host-the-international-geological-congress-2028\/\">UK bidding to host the International Geological Congress 2028<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>18\/03\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS has partnered with the Geological Society of London and the Scottish Geology Trust to develop a bid to host the 38th International Geological Congress in Glasgow in 2028. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/uk-bidding-to-host-the-international-geological-congress-2028\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-to-lead-a-new-research-project-on-microplastic-occurrence-in-springs\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/P1038363-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"BGS staff sampling a chalk spring for microplastics in 2024. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/P1038363.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-to-lead-a-new-research-project-on-microplastic-occurrence-in-springs\/\">BGS to lead a new research project on microplastic occurrence in springs<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>06\/03\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS has been awarded a two-year research project to undertake the first assessment of microplastic occurrence in springs in the UK. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-to-lead-a-new-research-project-on-microplastic-occurrence-in-springs\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/local-mp-helps-bgs-launch-a-living-laboratory\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/P1039076-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Breaking ground ceremony. L to R: Sami Massum (BGS), David Boon (BGS), Councillor Rob Inglis, Michelle Bentham, (BGS), Mark Thorpe (Pick Everard), Ross Goodband (Pick Everard), Ruth Edwards MP, Daniel Crow (BGS), Gershwyn Soanes (BGS), Andrew McConnochie (BGS), Mike Potter (NERC), James Howell (NERC) and Edward Leddy-Owen. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/P1039076.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/local-mp-helps-bgs-launch-a-living-laboratory\/\">Local MP helps BGS launch a \u2018living laboratory\u2019\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>05\/03\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS is implementing a low-carbon heating system to help meet its net zero targets and provide data to the public. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/local-mp-helps-bgs-launch-a-living-laboratory\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/scientists-produce-first-record-of-environmental-data-off-coast-of-hawaii-clone\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/iodp-exp-389-science-party-members-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"IODP Expedition 389 science party members, including BGS&#039;s Margaret Stewart (second from right), discussing cores. Marley Parker @ ECORD_IODP.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/iodp-exp-389-science-party-members.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/scientists-produce-first-record-of-environmental-data-off-coast-of-hawaii-clone\/\">Scientists produce first record of environmental data off coast of Hawai\u2019i<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>01\/03\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An international team of researchers, including BGS geoscientists, have succeeded in acquiring a continuous record of environmental data using fossilised coral from Hawai\u2019i.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/scientists-produce-first-record-of-environmental-data-off-coast-of-hawaii-clone\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-read-more  event\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-open-day-2024\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bgs-open-day-artwork-2024-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"bgs-open-day-artwork-2024\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bgs-open-day-artwork-2024.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS events<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-open-day-2024\/\">BGS Open Day 2024<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Event on 08\/06\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><p>Join us on 8 June 2024 to explore volcanoes and earthquakes, soils and aquifers, the sea, the sky and everything in between! <\/p>\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-open-day-2024\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Our scientists lead research projects and work in partnerships around the world to improve our understanding of volcanic processes, hazards and risks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":38560,"parent":0,"menu_order":23,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"21627,9812,9765,10201,9842,9674","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"tags":[],"region":[13,11,12,10,9,8],"topic":[23,25],"purpose":[],"area":[16],"challenge":[51],"challenge_topic":[137,139,140,141],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Volcanology - British Geological Survey<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"By nature, volcanic research is multi-disciplinary. Our scientists lead research projects and work in partnerships in the UK and internationally.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Volcanology - British Geological Survey\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By nature, volcanic research is multi-disciplinary. Our scientists lead research projects and work in partnerships in the UK and internationally.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"British Geological Survey\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-10-03T07:55:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_volcanology.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"430\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\",\"name\":\"Volcanology - British Geological Survey\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_volcanology.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-04-29T10:35:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-10-03T07:55:41+00:00\",\"description\":\"By nature, volcanic research is multi-disciplinary. Our scientists lead research projects and work in partnerships in the UK and internationally.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_volcanology.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_volcanology.jpg\",\"width\":640,\"height\":430,\"caption\":\"Strombolian eruption at Yasur volcano on the island of Tanna, Vanuatu\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Volcanology\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/\",\"name\":\"British Geological Survey\",\"description\":\"World-leading geological solutions\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#organization\",\"name\":\"British Geological Survey\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/BGS-logo-large.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/BGS-logo-large.png\",\"width\":250,\"height\":104,\"caption\":\"British Geological Survey\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Volcanology - British Geological Survey","description":"By nature, volcanic research is multi-disciplinary. Our scientists lead research projects and work in partnerships in the UK and internationally.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Volcanology - British Geological Survey","og_description":"By nature, volcanic research is multi-disciplinary. Our scientists lead research projects and work in partnerships in the UK and internationally.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/","og_site_name":"British Geological Survey","article_modified_time":"2022-10-03T07:55:41+00:00","og_image":[{"width":640,"height":430,"url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_volcanology.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/","name":"Volcanology - British Geological Survey","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_volcanology.jpg","datePublished":"2020-04-29T10:35:29+00:00","dateModified":"2022-10-03T07:55:41+00:00","description":"By nature, volcanic research is multi-disciplinary. Our scientists lead research projects and work in partnerships in the UK and internationally.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_volcanology.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/feature_volcanology.jpg","width":640,"height":430,"caption":"Strombolian eruption at Yasur volcano on the island of Tanna, Vanuatu"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/volcanoes\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Volcanology"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/","name":"British Geological Survey","description":"World-leading geological solutions","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#organization","name":"British Geological Survey","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/BGS-logo-large.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/BGS-logo-large.png","width":250,"height":104,"caption":"British Geological Survey"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_project\/28305"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_project"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/research_project"}],"version-history":[{"count":48,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_project\/28305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90424,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_project\/28305\/revisions\/90424"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28305"},{"taxonomy":"region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/region?post=28305"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=28305"},{"taxonomy":"purpose","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/purpose?post=28305"},{"taxonomy":"area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/area?post=28305"},{"taxonomy":"challenge","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/challenge?post=28305"},{"taxonomy":"challenge_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/challenge_topic?post=28305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}