{"id":24237,"date":"2020-05-18T07:26:50","date_gmt":"2020-05-18T07:26:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?post_type=research_project&#038;p=24237"},"modified":"2024-02-07T09:58:20","modified_gmt":"2024-02-07T09:58:20","slug":"landslide-monitoring","status":"publish","type":"research_project","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/landslide-monitoring\/","title":{"rendered":"Hazard monitoring"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Hazard monitoring<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS Research &mdash; Shallow geohazards<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/landslide-monitoring\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Hazard%20monitoring&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/landslide-monitoring\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/landslide-monitoring\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Hazard%20monitoring&#038;body=Hazard%20monitoring%20provides%20valuable%20information%20for%20process%20understanding%20and%20for%20the%20science%20required%20for%20developing%20early%20warning%20systems%20to%20protect%20people%20and%20infrastructure.%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/landslide-monitoring\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/landslide-monitoring\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>Hazard monitoring provides valuable information for understanding processes and for the science required to develop early warning systems that could protect people and infrastructure. We undertake monitoring at a range of scales using numerous techniques that can be categorised as direct or indirect and periodic or continuous.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Downloading-_meteorological-data.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Downloading meteorological data at Aldbrough, Yorkshire. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_33719\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Downloading-_meteorological-data-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Downloading meteorological data\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Downloading-_meteorological-data-960x498.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Downloading meteorological data at Aldbrough, Yorkshire. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Downloading-_meteorological-data.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Downloading meteorological data at Aldbrough, Yorkshire. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_33719\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Direct monitoring<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Periodic direct monitoring comprises repeated direct observations of landslides, typically made using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/geodesy\/\">earth observation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/geodesy\/drone-research\/\">UAVs <\/a>or ground-based <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/geomatic-surveys\/\">monitoring technologies<\/a>. Of particular interest to landslide research are repeated optical imagery, satellite radar technology to provide data on vertical movement, and both airborne and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/geomatic-surveys\/#lidar\">ground-based LiDAR scanning<\/a>. These techniques are deployed at our landslide observatories and provide 3D monitoring through the use of change models. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Simpler technologies can also be deployed very effectively, e.g. change monitoring based on physical measurements of distance to set monitoring points or features in the landscape, which returns 2D results. In rock slopes, crack monitoring can be undertaken using strain gauges or extensometers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The periodicity of monitoring is informed by either the periodicity of the technique (in the case of earth observation) or the design, to reflect anticipated rates of movement or seasonality in the data. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Continuous direct monitoring is typically undertaken using optical cameras, but these are rarely deployed because they are costly: cameras require mounting, maintenance and protection from the weather. They are commonly too data rich, requiring significant processing time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Indirect monitoring<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Periodic indirect monitoring techniques that contribute to the development of early warning systems for landslides typically include periodic monitoring of geotechnical properties of the ground, such as soil moisture and groundwater levels, as well as the periodic downloading of continuous monitoring data collected via dataloggers, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/landslides\/aldbrough-observatory\/\">inclinometers<\/a>, meteorological data or groundwater levels. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Continuous indirect (real-time) monitoring is becoming increasingly available through, for example, telemetry or the use of electrical resistivity as an analogue for moisture content, such as our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/geophysical-tomography\/technologies\/prime\/\">PRIME <\/a>or acoustic real-time monitoring (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/geophysical-tomography\/technologies\/#ALARMS\">ALARMS<\/a>) technologies.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-377-block_43ad21a96e760b7bd76eb96e4744ae30\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/P757469-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"In 1979, the the A625 road was permanently closed to traffic and what remains today is an interesting example of landslide movement and repeated road reconstruction and repair.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/P757469.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/\">Shallow geohazards<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Measuring, recording and analysing near-surface geological hazards including landslides, sinkholes and discontinuities.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/shallow-geohazards\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hazard monitoring provides valuable information for process understanding and for the science required for developing early warning systems to protect people and infrastructure.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":32329,"parent":26710,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"17424,37491,17592,37470,32954,6297","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"region":[],"topic":[],"purpose":[],"area":[],"challenge":[],"challenge_topic":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - 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