{"id":21576,"date":"2020-03-07T16:34:31","date_gmt":"2020-03-07T16:34:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/gault-formation\/"},"modified":"2021-09-15T12:05:51","modified_gmt":"2021-09-15T12:05:51","slug":"gault-formation","status":"publish","type":"research_project","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/engineering-geological-studies-of-bedrock-formations\/gault-formation\/","title":{"rendered":"Gault Formation"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Gault Formation<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS Research &mdash; Engineering geology maps<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/engineering-geological-studies-of-bedrock-formations\/gault-formation\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Gault%20Formation&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/engineering-geological-studies-of-bedrock-formations\/gault-formation\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/engineering-geological-studies-of-bedrock-formations\/gault-formation\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Gault%20Formation&#038;body=The%20Gault%20Formation%20was%20deposited%20in%20the%20Cretaceous%20and%20crops%20out%20from%20East%20Anglia%20to%20west%20Dorset,%20and%20from%20north-east%20Kent%20to%20Sussex.%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/engineering-geological-studies-of-bedrock-formations\/gault-formation\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/engineering-geological-studies-of-bedrock-formations\/gault-formation\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.bgs.ac.uk\/lexicon\/lexicon.cfm?pub=GLT\">Gault Formation<\/a> (also known as the Gault Clay) is a sequence of clays, mudstone and thin siltstones with bands of phosphatic nodules deposited between 100 and 112 million years ago in the Cretaceous period. Its outcrop stretches south-westward from East Anglia through Wessex to west Dorset, and surrounds the Weald in an arc from north-east Kent westwards through Surrey to Hampshire, where it turns south and returns eastwards through West and East Sussex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study of the geotechnical properties in the database has shown that regional variations in the formation&#8217;s geotechnical properties exist. These variations appear to be largely a function of depositional environment, lithology and stress history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Geological hazards and geotechnical problems<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Gault Formation has both ancient and recent landslides of shallow translational type with rotational elements at the back scarp and flows at the toe region. Multiple retrogressive rotational failures occur on some slopes. At major, inland escarpment or coastal cliffs, large, deep-seated landslide complexes have developed, as at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/case-studies\/folkestone-warren-kent-landslide-case-study\/\">Folkestone Warren<\/a>&nbsp;near Dover and at Ventnor on the Isle of Wight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The formation is prone to shrink\u2013swell processes due to significant amounts of smectite clay in parts of its sequence. In the south-west, where it becomes siltier and more sandy, it is only of medium to high expansive potential; the remainder of the outcrop falls almost entirely in the very high expansive potential category.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Gault Formation may contain aqueous solutions of sulphate and sulphuric acid in the ground in sufficient quantity for potential chemical attack on concrete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Report download<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <em><a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/download\/engineering-geology-of-british-rocks-and-soils-gault-clay\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Engineering Geology of British Rocks and Soils: Gault Clay<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;(50 MB PDF)&nbsp;provides an in-depth study of the Gault Formation using data held in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/national-geotechnical-properties-database\/\">National Geotechnical Database<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The geological, lithological, geotechnical and mineralogical features of the Gault Formation have been described in detail, including geophysical correlation, groundwater considerations and implications for land-use and engineering construction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Publications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jones, L D, and Hobbs, P R N.&nbsp;1998.&nbsp;The Shrinkage and Swelling Behaviour of UK Soils: Gault Clay.&nbsp;<em>British Geological Survey Technical Report,&nbsp;<\/em>WN\/98\/13. (Nottingham, UK; British Geological Survey.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Forster, A, Hobbs, P R N, Cripps, A C, Entwisle, D C, Fenwick, S M M, Raines, M R, Hallam, J R, Jones, L D, Self, S J, and Meakin, J L.&nbsp;1994.&nbsp;Engineering Geology of British Rocks and Soils: Gault Clay.&nbsp;<em>British Geological Survey Technical Report<\/em>, WN\/94\/31. (Nottingham, UK; British Geological Survey.) <\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"relatives\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5>Relative topics<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/engineering-geology\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">engineering geology<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"cta-section  sky-background-d \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row md-row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Need more information?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>Please contact Marcus Dobbs for more information<\/div>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"btn-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/dobbs-marcus\/\"  class=\"button primary-background button btn-icon-arrow-right-white before \">Get in touch<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-7648-block_5f059b685836c\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/feature_engineering_geology-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Engineering Geology Bedrock Map\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/feature_engineering_geology.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/\">Engineering geology maps<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS has produced 1:1 million-scale engineering geological maps of the UK, attributed with \u2018engineering geological units\u2019 in place of the traditional lithostratigraphical units.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/engineering-geological-studies-of-bedrock-formations\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/P732045-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"P732045\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/P732045.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/engineering-geological-studies-of-bedrock-formations\/\">Engineering geological studies of bedrock formations<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mapping the engineering geological characteristics, mineralogy, industrial applications, geological hazard potential, physical properties and behaviour of geological formations.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/engineering-geological-studies-of-bedrock-formations\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Gault Formation was deposited in the Cretaceous and crops out from East Anglia to west Dorset, and from north-east Kent to Sussex.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":78212,"parent":21571,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"on","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"engineering geology maps, engineering geology, gault, gault clay, gault formation","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"9842,9939,21316,32983,34127,34248","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[1114],"region":[],"topic":[],"purpose":[],"area":[],"challenge":[],"challenge_topic":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - 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