{"id":15434,"date":"2020-02-19T20:11:59","date_gmt":"2020-02-19T20:11:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?post_type=research_project&#038;p=15434"},"modified":"2024-02-07T08:32:24","modified_gmt":"2024-02-07T08:32:24","slug":"orchestra","status":"publish","type":"research_project","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/orchestra\/","title":{"rendered":"ORCHESTRA"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>ORCHESTRA<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS Research &mdash; Ocean Regulation of Climate through Heat and Carbon Sequestration and Transports (ORCHESTRA)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/orchestra\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=ORCHESTRA&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/orchestra\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/orchestra\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=ORCHESTRA&#038;body=A%20new%20\u00a38.4%20million%20programme%20funded%20by%20NERC%20has%20been%20created:%20Ocean%20Regulation%20of%20Climate%20by%20Heat%20and%20Carbon%20Sequestration%20and%20Transports%20or%20ORCHESTRA.%20%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/orchestra\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/orchestra\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>Climate change is one of the most urgent issues facing humanity and life on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whilst our everyday understanding of climate concerns the warmth of the atmosphere, the ocean is critical in controlling how our planet&#8217;s climate changes. This is because the ocean absorbs vast quantities of heat and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) that, if they had remained in the atmosphere, would have greatly accelerated the rate of climatic change there.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"wysiwyg-9964-block_5e4d9aec04823\" class=\"  \" >\n\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-15452\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ORCHESTRA-logo.jpg\" alt=\"ORCHESTRA project logo\" width=\"768\" height=\"123\" data-wp-editing=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<p>Since the industrial revolution, the global ocean has absorbed around 30 per cent of human-produced (anthropogenic) CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;emissions. In addition, 93 per cent of the total extra heat in the Earth system since the onset of global warming has been absorbed by the ocean. This is equivalent to around 170 terawatts \u2014 the power that would be required for each of the seven billion people on Earth to continuously operate sixteen 1500 watt hairdryers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Improving climate prediction requires us to learn more about how the ocean works and how it interacts with the atmosphere to control the split of heat and carbon between them. A key region in this context is the Southern Ocean; the vast sea that encircles Antarctica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the Southern Ocean occupies only around 20 per cent of the total ocean area, it absorbs about three-quarters of the heat that is taken into the ocean and approximately half of the CO<sub>2<\/sub>. This is because of its unique pattern of ocean circulation: it is the key region globally where deep waters upwell to the surface from 1\u20132&nbsp;km down, allowing new water masses to form and sink back into the ocean interior. The exposure of old waters to the atmosphere and the production of new waters are fundamental to the exchanges of heat and carbon with the atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite this knowledge of the key role the Southern Ocean plays in global climate, there are many important unknowns. These include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>an incomplete understanding of the detailed mechanisms by which heat and carbon are transferred across the sea surface and drawn down into the interior<\/li><li>a lack of knowledge of the rates of these transfers and how they will change in future<\/li><li>insufficient information of the distribution of the heat and carbon around the globe within the planetary-scale ocean circulation<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ORCHESTRA_southern-ocean-circulation.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The overturning circulation in the Southern Ocean and the lateral flows around the Antarctic continent. Source: Meredith (2016), &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_9759\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ORCHESTRA_southern-ocean-circulation-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Southern ocean circulation schematic\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ORCHESTRA_southern-ocean-circulation.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>The overturning circulation in the Southern Ocean and the lateral flows around the Antarctic continent. Source: Meredith (2016), <em>Geophysical Research Letters<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ORCHESTRA_southern-ocean-circulation.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The overturning circulation in the Southern Ocean and the lateral flows around the Antarctic continent. Source: Meredith (2016), &lt;em&gt;Geophysical Research Letters&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_9759\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>To address these issues, a new \u00a38.4&nbsp;million programme funded by NERC has been created: <em>Ocean Regulation of Climate by Heat and Carbon Sequestration and Transports<\/em> or ORCHESTRA. The project is led by the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bas.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\">British Antarctic Survey<\/a> (BAS), in partnership with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/noc.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\">National Oceanography Centre<\/a> (NOC) <\/li><li>BGS<\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pml.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\">Plymouth Marine Laboratory<\/a> <\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/cpom.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\">Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling<\/a> (CPOM)<\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.smru.st-andrews.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\">Sea Mammal Research Unit<\/a> at the University of St Andrews<\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/research\" target=\"_blank\">UK Met Office<\/a><\/li><li>numerous national and international partners<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>ORCHESTRA will span five years and use a combination of data collection, analyses and computer simulations to radically improve our ability to measure, understand and predict the circulation of the Southern Ocean and its role in the global climate. It will make unique and important new measurements in the Southern Ocean using a range of techniques, including use of&nbsp;<em>RRS James Clark Ross<\/em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>RRS Sir David Attenborough<\/em>, as well as deployments of autonomous surface and underwater vehicles, the BAS meteorological aircraft and other innovative techniques for collecting data. It will also involve the development and use of advanced ocean and climate simulations, to improve our ability to predict climatic change in coming decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Full details of the ORCHESTRA programme, including the detailed descriptions of the fieldwork and model developments, are available in the\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bas.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/ORCHESTRA-Proposal-Case-for-Support.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Case for Support<\/a>. This was approved for funding by NERC following\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bas.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Reviewer-Comments-Sept-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">international peer review and assessment<\/a>\u00a0by the NERC science board.<\/p>\n\n\n<div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Aims <\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our programme aim is to advance our understanding of, and capability to predict, the Southern Ocean&#8217;s impact on climate change via its uptake and storage of heat and carbon.<\/p>\n<p>ORCHESTRA will significantly reduce current uncertainties concerning how the uptake and storage of heat and carbon by the ocean influences global climate, by conducting a series of unique fieldwork campaigns and innovative model developments. This is a leading-order challenge of great societal relevance and strategic importance to NERC, but progress is currently hampered by poor provision of data with which to improve understanding of the key processes and constrain their rates, and inadequate representation of the key dynamics in ocean and climate forecast models.<\/p>\n<p>The area requiring the most urgent improvement is the Southern Ocean, where many of the controlling mechanisms and exchanges occur, and yet where data coverage is most sparse, dynamical understanding is weakest, and climate models show greatest biases and least realistic depictions of processes.<\/p>\n<p>ORCHESTRA will address these issues using the UK&#8217;s world-leading capability and infrastructure in ocean and high-latitude research, including major ship expeditions, autonomous vehicle deployments and research aircraft campaigns, with the data collected used to improve model schemes and validate model outputs, and with the improved capability fed through to UK climate model development.<\/p>\n<p>ORCHESTRA represents the first fully unified activity by NERC institutes to address these challenges, and will draw in national and international partners to provide community coherence and to build a legacy in knowledge and capability that will transcend the timescale of the programme itself.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Data<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Data will be managed by the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/bodc.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">British Oceanographic Data Centre<\/a>\u00a0(BODC) by Joana Beja De Almeida E Silva.<\/p>\n<p>More details will be added here after our first cruise \u2014 planned for this coming season (2016\/17).<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Facilities<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/environmental-geochemistry\/stable-isotope-facility\/\">Stable Isotope Facility<\/a>\u00a0is a node of the\u00a0NERC Isotope Geosciences Facilities\u00a0and employs a wide variety of stable isotope methodologies in environmental change, pollution, hydrology, and human-landscape interactions research.<\/p>\n<p>We focus on the environment, in particular climate change and human-landscape interactions, with increasing importance on the Anthropocene and the modern calibration period. We also use stable isotopes as tracers of modern pollution and understanding the hydrological cycle, especially in areas affected by human impact. We work with the UK higher education institutes community and international partners to deliver research, method development and training.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Outputs<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Blogs<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/britgeopeople.blogspot.com\/2019\/05\/homeward-bound-last-leg-of-orchestra.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Homeward Bound: Last Leg of the ORCHESTRA Cruise (Part 4)&#8230;<\/a><br \/>\n16\/5\/19 by Carol Arrowsmith<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/britgeopeople.blogspot.com\/2019\/03\/full-steam-ahead-with-sampling-on-rrs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Full steam ahead with the sampling on the RRS James Clark Ross:<br \/>\nORCHESTRA Part 3<\/a><br \/>\n18\/3\/19\u00a0by Carol Arrowsmith<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/britgeopeople.blogspot.com\/2019\/03\/from-chile-to-falklands-and-beyond.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">From Chile to the Falklands and beyond: ORCHESTRA Part 2<\/a><br \/>\n4\/3\/19 by Carol Arrowsmith<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/britgeopeople.blogspot.com\/2019\/02\/investigating-southern-ocean-part-1by.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Investigating the Southern Ocean: Part 1<\/a><br \/>\n20\/2\/19 by Carol Arrowsmith<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/britgeopeople.blogspot.com\/2018\/11\/last-leg-of-orchestra-cruise-part-5by.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Last leg of ORCHESTRA cruise part 5<\/a><br \/>\n23\/11\/18 by Melanie Leng<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/britgeopeople.blogspot.com\/2018\/11\/sampling-starts-on-rrs-james-clark-ross.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sampling starts on the RRS James Clark Ross: ORCHESTRA part 4<\/a><br \/>\n13\/11\/18 by Melanie Leng<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/britgeopeople.blogspot.com\/2018\/11\/on-board-rrs-james-clark-ross-orchestra.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">On board the RRS James Clark Ross: ORCHESTRA part 3<\/a><br \/>\n9\/11\/18\u00a0by Melanie Leng<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/britgeopeople.blogspot.com\/2018\/11\/i-am-in-stanley-orchestra-part-2-by.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">I am in Stanley: ORCHESTRA part 2<\/a><br \/>\n7\/11\/18\u00a0by Melanie Leng<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/britgeopeople.blogspot.com\/2018\/10\/wish-me-fair-winds-and-following-seas.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wish me Fair Winds and Following Seas: investigating the Southern Ocean Part 1<\/a><br \/>\n22\/10\/18\u00a0by Melanie Leng<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/britgeopeople.blogspot.co.uk\/2017\/10\/survival-at-sea-as-part-of-orchestra.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Survival at sea as part of ORCHESTRA: Part 3<\/a><br \/>\n16\/10\/17 by Chris Kendrick<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/britgeopeople.blogspot.co.uk\/2017\/06\/the-start-of-major-new-research-project.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The start of a major new research project (ORCHESTRA): Part 2<\/a><\/li>\n<li>14\/6\/17 by Carol Arrowsmith<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/britgeopeople.blogspot.co.uk\/2016\/08\/the-start-of-major-new-research.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The start of a major new research project<\/a><\/li>\n<li>31\/8\/16 by Carol Arrowsmith<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>BGS publications<\/h3>\n<p>Meredith, M P, Venables, H J, Stammerjohn, S E, Ducklow, H W, Martinson, D G, Iannuzzi, R A, Leng, M J, van Wessem, J M, Reijmer, C H, Barrand, N E. 2016.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0967064516300947\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Changing distributions of sea ice melt and meteoric water west of the Antarctic Peninsula<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography<\/em>\u00a0Volume 139, May 2017, Pages 40\u201357.<\/p>\n<p>Brown, P J, Meredith, M P, Jullion, L, Naveira Garabato, A, Torres-Valdes, S, Holland, P, Leng, M J, Venables, H. 2014.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bas.ac.uk\/data\/our-data\/publication\/freshwater-fluxes-in-the-weddell-gyre-results-from-%ce%b418o\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Freshwater fluxes in the Weddell Gyre: results from \u03b418O<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London<\/em>, A, 372. 10.1098\/rsta.2013.0298.<\/p>\n<p>Meredith, M P, Venables, H J, Clarke, A, Ducklow, H W, Erickson, M, Leng, M J, Lenaerts, J T M, van den Broeke, M R. 2013.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bas.ac.uk\/data\/our-data\/publication\/the-freshwater-system-west-of-the-antarctic-peninsula-spatial-and\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The freshwater system west of the Antarctic Peninsula: spatial and temporal changes<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Journal of Climate<\/em>, 26, 1669\u20131684.<\/p>\n<p>Meredith, M P, Wallace, M I, Stammerjohn, S E, Renfrew, I A, Clarke, A, Venables, H, Shoosmith, D R, Souster, T, Leng, M J. 2010.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bas.ac.uk\/data\/our-data\/publication\/changes-in-the-freshwater-composition-of-the-upper-ocean-west\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Changes in the freshwater composition of the upper ocean west of the Antarctic Peninsula during the first decade of the 21st century<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Progress in Oceanography<\/em>, 87, 127\u2013143.<\/p>\n<p>Abrahamsen, E P, Meredith, M P, Falkner, K K, Torres-Valdes, S, Leng, M J, Alkire, M B, Bacon, S, Laxon, S W, Polyakov, I, Ivanov, V. 2009.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/6378\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tracer-derived freshwater composition of the Siberian continental shelf and slope following the extreme Arctic summer of 2007<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Geophysical Research Letters<\/em>, 36, L07602, doi:10.1029\/2009GL037341.<\/p>\n<p>Meredith, M P, Brandon, M A, Wallace, M I, Clarke, A, Leng, M J, Renfrew, I A, Van Lipzig, N P M, King, J C. 2008.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bas.ac.uk\/data\/our-data\/publication\/variability-in-the-freshwater-balance-of-northern-marguerite-bay-antarctic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Variability in the freshwater balance of northern Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula: results from \u03b418O<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Deep Sea Research II<\/em>, 55, 309\u2013322. doi:10.1016\/j.dsr2.2007.11.005.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"wysiwyg-4678-block_5e4d98b604822\" class=\"  \" >\n\t\t\t<p><a class=\"twitter-timeline\" data-height=\"500\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ORCHESTRAPROJ?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">Tweets by ORCHESTRAPROJ<\/a> <\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contact<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If you would like to discover more then please contact <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/leng-melanie\/\">Mel Leng<\/a>. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-5682-block_5ee7316d22166\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/seafloor-scientific-ocean-drilling\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/feature_Marine_drilling-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Seafloor drilling rig\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/feature_Marine_drilling.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/seafloor-scientific-ocean-drilling\/\">Sea floor: scientific ocean drilling<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Since 2003, BGS have implemented several high profile expeditions for the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/seafloor-scientific-ocean-drilling\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/carbon-capture-and-storage\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/p542294_thumbnail-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"power station at Ratcliffe-on-Soar\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/p542294_thumbnail.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/carbon-capture-and-storage\/\">Carbon capture and storage<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The BGS is recognised as a European centre of excellence for the study of carbon dioxide storage. We have a dedicated team active in a number of research areas.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/carbon-capture-and-storage\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new \u00a38.4 million programme funded by NERC has been created: Ocean Regulation of Climate by Heat and Carbon Sequestration and Transports or ORCHESTRA. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":15499,"parent":0,"menu_order":67,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"9089,8272,8391,37523,9189,34127","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"tags":[],"region":[14],"topic":[33],"purpose":[],"area":[18],"challenge":[49],"challenge_topic":[137],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.3 - 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