{"id":89107,"date":"2022-09-08T09:46:03","date_gmt":"2022-09-08T09:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?p=89107"},"modified":"2024-03-05T09:57:25","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T09:57:25","slug":"geology-and-cycling-the-rocks-behind-the-race","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/geology-and-cycling-the-rocks-behind-the-race\/","title":{"rendered":"Geology and cycling: the rocks behind the race"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>The adrenalin, the attacks, the climbs, sprints, chases and, for some, the incredible victories, would arguably not be such a spectacle were it not for Britain\u2019s incredibly diverse geology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Though the link is rarely made, the geology beneath our feet is ultimately responsible for shaping our landscape today, even shaping our Strava segments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our rich variety of landscapes, largely consisting of Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary strata, has paved the way to victory for the world\u2019s greatest cyclists across mountains, countryside and coastline for decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This year\u2019s edition in 2022 is set to be no different, with eight days of racing from the iconic &#8216;granite city&#8217; of Aberdeen in Scotland to the distinctive chalk stacks of the Needles on the Isle of Wight.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But why are some stages of this year\u2019s Tour hillier than others? It\u2019s ultimately determined by the rocks and sediments of an area and the subsequent geological processes that have been eroding, folding or faulting them over the hundreds of millions of years since they were deposited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here we take a closer look at some of the rocks behind the race. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Stage 1 \u2013 Aberdeen to Glenshee Ski Centre<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sunday 4 September <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">North-east Scotland boasts a spectacular and unique landscape, formed over millions of years by both geological and geomorphological processes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The geological story of this region, with its panoramic vistas, is possibly too big to tell here. Perhaps the most iconic is at this year\u2019s start line, in Aberdeen. The city owes its distinctive appearance to the local grey granite, which many of its buildings are made from. It includes the famous \u2018Granite Mile\u2019 down Union Street, which earned it the title \u2018Granite City\u2019. The world-famous Aberdeen granite is made up of typical granite minerals, including plagioclase, alkali feldspars (orthoclase and microcline), quartz, biotite and muscovite.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The expansion of commerce and industry in the 18th century increased demand for granite. Many magnificent buildings, such as the Marischal College, the largest granite building in Europe, were built at the height of the industry. The balusters on the old Waterloo Bridge in London came from Aberdeen in the 1800s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The Aberdeen granite was emplaced into rocks of the Dalradian Supergroup during the Caledonian Orogeny, which represents the closure of the ancient Iapetus Ocean that separated Avalonia and Laurentia. The collision started in the Silurian and continued into the Ordovician over a time scale of 30 million years, bringing the UK\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">together<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000\">for the first time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">As the riders go north from Aberdeen they will encounter dramatic valleys (and category two and three climbs!) that were carved out by glaciers to expose the oldest rock on this year\u2019s tour. \u00a0As the riders head back south towards the towering Cairngorms, they face the first-ever opening day summit finish in modern cycling race history. The Old Military Road climb from Auchallater to Glenshee Ski Centre, at the head of the Cairnwell Pass, which was formed by glaciers and is now one of the country\u2019s highest and most scenic roads. The climb measures 9.1 km, with the final five kilometres averaging a gradient of 4.8 per cent.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_89134\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89134\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89134\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/P571274.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/P571274.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/P571274-768x516.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89134\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of Aberdeen with Bridge of Dee in foreground. BGS \u00a9 UKRI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Stage 5 \u2013 Nottingham to Mansfield <\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Thursday 8 September <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We\u2019re preparing to see some of the world\u2019s top riders pass through Nottinghamshire on stage\u00a0five<em>,<\/em> which takes place between West Bridgford and Mansfield and loops through Keyworth, home to BGS headquarters.<\/p>\n<p>A comparatively flat and rolling stage, the geology of this mainly northerly route though Nottinghamshire towards Retford, passes over rocks originally deposited some 250 to 200 million years ago during the Triassic, mostly made up of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/engineering-geological-studies-of-bedrock-formations\/sherwood-sandstone-group\/\">Sherwood Sandstone Group<\/a>, a yellowish sandstone (best seen at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/discovering-geology\/maps-and-resources\/office-geology\/nottingham-castle\/\">Castle Rock<\/a> in Nottingham), and the slightly younger Mercia Mudstone Group. Since both sandstone and mudstone are considered to be fairly weak rocks, the landscape here features only mild elevations, but we hope this will allow the riders plenty of opportunity for some early attacks and breakaways.<\/p>\n<p>The flatter landscape developed as the Sherwood Sandstone has been eroded and flattened by the River Trent in the recent past. Over time the river\u2019s location has shifted, carving a flat, narrow plain that extends south of Nottingham for much of the first portion of the route from West Bridgford.<\/p>\n<p>As the riders travel further north through villages like East Leake, Keyworth and onto Southwell, the Sherwood Sandstone becomes weaker. The surface is more like a loose sand, meaning the landscape is less likely to form any particularly knotty climbs. Despite this, it is fascinating to know that this is partially a result of the last ice age, as glaciers damaged and weakened the rock. The riders can expect to encounter a series of mound-like hills and ramps, which they might use strategically to advantage.<\/p>\n<p>It is the latter part of the race towards Mansfield, over Carboniferous rocks, that will be most challenging. Here, the underlying geology is made up of different rock types from mudstones, siltstones, coal, sandstones, gritstone and limestones. The latter three examples are much stronger than sandstone and good at forming hills and the kind of elevations we\u2019ll see in the later stage of the race. Here, the riders will encounter a landscape formed by rocks deposited roughly 360 to 300 million years ago.<\/p>\n<p>Carboniferous rocks have greatly influenced the UK\u2019s development; they are the rocks from which we mined vast quantities of coal that powered the Industrial Revolution. Both Sheffield and Nottingham\u2019s intimate history with mining is a direct result of geology beneath its surface and it\u2019s very likely to influence the winner of Stage 5 !<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_89136\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89136\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89136\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/P921833.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/P921833.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/P921833-768x516.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89136\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Outcrop of the Sherwood Sandstone Group at Castle Rock, Nottingham. BGS \u00a9 UKRI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Stage 7 \u2013 West Bay to Ferndown<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Saturday 10 September <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dorset promises to be a picturesque and challenging 109-mile stage that begins on the Esplanade and passes the famous golden cliffs of West Bay. Dorset is home to the Jurassic Coast \u2013 England\u2019s only Natural World Heritage Site. Riders will travel parallel with the West Dorset Heritage Coast before passing through Dorchester, West Lulworth and Corfe Castle.<\/p>\n<p>Riders will battle for three \u0160koda King of the Mountains climbs, all falling within the Dorset Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The first, at Daggers Gate above West Lulworth, is close to the world-famous limestone arch in the <a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.bgs.ac.uk\/lexicon\/lexicon.cfm?pub=POST\">Portland Stone Formation<\/a> at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/discovering-geology\/maps-and-resources\/office-geology\/lulworth-cove-and-durdle-door-dorset\/\">Durdle Door<\/a>. The Portland Stone is 33 m thick here, which is its thickest, but the arch top itself is just 5 m thick. From the beach, spectators can get a good view of the near-vertically dipping limestone beds.<\/p>\n<p>Close to the village of West Lulworth is the beautiful Lulworth Cove, formed when a weakness such as a fault or a crack within the Portland Stone Formation\u00a0at the mouth of the cove was exploited by sea water. This allowed water to pass through and erode the softer rocks further inland. The result displays a beautiful array of sandstones, mudstones and limestones, all of which formed during the Cretaceous Period. The oldest rocks are at the mouth of the cove and consist of limestones of the Portland Stone Formation.<\/p>\n<p>Other climbs on stage 7 include Whiteway Hill, which sits on a ridge, and Okeford Hill, with 55 km of racing to go. All the strata here form a part of the Purbeck Monocline, which reaches all the way to Isle of Wight.<\/p>\n<p>The iconic Corfe Castle is built upon a steep-sided Chalk ridge in the Purbeck Hills, which features a distinctive gap. Around a million years ago, two parallel water courses exploited weak points in the underlying geology and eroded gaps in the ridge, isolating the hill on which the castle sits.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_89137\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89137\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89137\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/P030749.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/P030749.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/P030749-768x516.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89137\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Durdle Door: an arch formed by marine erosion in nearly vertical Portland Stone Formatio. BGS \u00a9 UKRI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Stage 8 \u2013 Ryde to the Needles<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sunday 11 September <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rich in geodiversity, the Isle of Wight will undoubtedly welcome an exciting finale with its stunning coastline and rolling hills. Starting in Ryde and culminating at the Needles, the race will take riders across the entire island and, wherever you are on the Isle, you won\u2019t be far from the action.<\/p>\n<p>The Isle boasts a stunning array of habitats for flora and fauna all influenced by the underlying geology. The distinct shape and topography of the island is controlled by the dominant east-to-west trending Chalk downlands. This elevated ridge creates a spine across the island and is formed by intensely hardened, folded and faulted chalk rocks, presenting numerous challenges for the riders like the 11.4 km Bradling Down (7.3% per cent on average), the day\u2019s first \u0160koda King of the Mountains climb, a mere 10 miles from the start.<\/p>\n<p>By contrast, central parts of the island through Newport and Blackwater are characterised by the Lower Cretaceous wolds. Landscapes of this domain are defined by low-lying, gently undulating topography dominated by arable farmland and pasture.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s the island&#8217;s interior and southern tip that are likely to feature plenty of racing action, dominated by the features typical of Chalk downlands: high rolling hills, steep southern scarp slopes and deeply incised valleys, with climbs like the 1.5 km Cowleaze Hill (6.2 per cent average).<\/p>\n<p>The oldest rocks (the <a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.bgs.ac.uk\/lexicon\/lexicon.cfm?pub=W\">Wealden Group<\/a>, about 140 to 125 million years old) on the island are seen where the Cretaceous wolds meet the sea at Brighstone Bay on the south coast and at Sandown in the east. The muds exposed at beach level can often reveal fossils.<\/p>\n<p>The well-known three chalk stacks of the Needles, on the western side of the island, are composed of near-vertically bedded Chalk. Rare and historic shipwrecks, dating back to the 16th and 17<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px\">th<\/span>\u00a0centuries have occurred just below along the Shingles Bank, a shoal of pebbles beneath the waves and a well-known navigational hazard for ships entering the Solent from the west.<\/p>\n<p>This year\u2019s race culminates with a 1.5 km climb up Tennyson Down, the final 400 m at a gradient of 9.6 per cent making it the toughest finish of a Tour of Britain stage in modern history.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_89135\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89135\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89135\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/P683997.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/P683997.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/P683997-768x516.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89135\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Needles, Isle of Wight, from the coastguard lookout. BGS \u00a9 UKRI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The materials that make a bike<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s not only our landscapes that are influenced by geological processes; our equipment is too. Since lightweight carbon fibre began to dominate the performance cycling world nearly two decades ago, races like the Tour of Britain have featured even lighter, stiffer and more impressive bikes and designs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many of the components found on a racing bike require materials derived from the ground beneath our feet. In case you\u2019re wondering, here are the basic materials required and some are more obscure than you might think:<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"owl-carousel carousel-primary-color carousel owl-theme thumbs-carousel-js\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-chain.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The chainset needs to be durable and is made from aluminium, which is produced from the rock bauxite. Australia is the largest global producer of bauxite (39 per cent). It\u2019s probable that any aluminium in your bike is a mix of recycled and new material. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-chain.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"bike-layers-chain\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>The chainset needs to be durable and is made from aluminium, which is produced from the rock bauxite. Australia is the largest global producer of bauxite (39 per cent). It\u2019s probable that any aluminium in your bike is a mix of recycled and new material. BGS \u00a9 UKRI<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-chain.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The chainset needs to be durable and is made from aluminium, which is produced from the rock bauxite. Australia is the largest global producer of bauxite (39 per cent). It\u2019s probable that any aluminium in your bike is a mix of recycled and new material. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-titanium.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Spokes are made from strong, light, titanium, which comes from minerals such as rutile and ilmenite. Canada and China are the largest producers, with 16 per cent and 33 per cent respectively. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-titanium.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"bike-layers-titanium\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Spokes are made from strong, light, titanium, which comes from minerals such as rutile and ilmenite. Canada and China are the largest producers, with 16 per cent and 33 per cent respectively. BGS \u00a9 UKRI<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-titanium.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Spokes are made from strong, light, titanium, which comes from minerals such as rutile and ilmenite. Canada and China are the largest producers, with 16 per cent and 33 per cent respectively. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-water.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;A third of our drinking water in the UK comes from underground aquifers such as the Sherwood Sandstone. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-water.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"bike-layers-water\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>A third of our drinking water in the UK comes from underground aquifers such as the Sherwood Sandstone. BGS \u00a9 UKRI<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-water.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;A third of our drinking water in the UK comes from underground aquifers such as the Sherwood Sandstone. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-levers.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Brake levers are made of plastic, which is made from crude oil. The USA, Saudi Arabia and Russia produce 43 per cent of the world\u2019s oil. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-levers.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"bike-layers-levers\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Brake levers are made of plastic, which is made from crude oil. The USA, Saudi Arabia and Russia produce 43 per cent of the world\u2019s oil. BGS \u00a9 UKRI<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-levers.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Brake levers are made of plastic, which is made from crude oil. The USA, Saudi Arabia and Russia produce 43 per cent of the world\u2019s oil. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-cables.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The steel cables need to be strong and are made from iron and chromium. Australia mines around 30 per cent of the world\u2019s iron ore and South Africa is the biggest producer of chromium minerals. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-cables.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"bike-layers-cables\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>The steel cables need to be strong and are made from iron and chromium. Australia mines around 30 per cent of the world\u2019s iron ore and South Africa is the biggest producer of chromium minerals. BGS \u00a9 UKRI<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-cables.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The steel cables need to be strong and are made from iron and chromium. Australia mines around 30 per cent of the world\u2019s iron ore and South Africa is the biggest producer of chromium minerals. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-frame.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The frame is made form strong carbon fibre set in resin, both of which come from organic polymers from petrochemicals. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-frame.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"bike-layers-frame\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>The frame is made form strong carbon fibre set in resin, both of which come from organic polymers from petrochemicals. BGS \u00a9 UKRI<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-frame.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The frame is made form strong carbon fibre set in resin, both of which come from organic polymers from petrochemicals. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-brakes.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Brakes contain natural rubber as well as ceramics that come from clay mined worldwide. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-brakes.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"bike-layers-brakes\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Brakes contain natural rubber as well as ceramics that come from clay mined worldwide. BGS \u00a9 UKRI<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-brakes.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Brakes contain natural rubber as well as ceramics that come from clay mined worldwide. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-tyre.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Tyre rubber is strengthened with sulphur, 70 per cent of which is a by-product from the petroleum refining. The USA, China and Russia are the largest producers. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-tyre.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"bike-layers-tyre\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Tyre rubber is strengthened with sulphur, 70 per cent of which is a by-product from the petroleum refining. The USA, China and Russia are the largest producers. BGS \u00a9 UKRI<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/bike-layers-tyre.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Tyre rubber is strengthened with sulphur, 70 per cent of which is a by-product from the petroleum refining. The USA, China and Russia are the largest producers. BGS \u00a9 UKRI&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_76786\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n<p>So if, like us, you\u2019re thinking about exploring Britain\u2019s fascinating geological wonders on a bike, why not take a moment to appreciate the world beneath your wheels and the geological conditions that influence your next cycling adventure.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"relatives\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5>Relative topics<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/geological-interest\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">geological interest<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/geomorphology\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">geomorphology<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/minerals\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">minerals<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section  style=\"background-image:url('https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/News-events-scaled.jpg')\" id=\"latest-content-5416-block_5e677acaffd9a\" class=\"cards-carousel-section  basic-background-1   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Latest blogs<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 owl-carousel carousel-primary-color owl-theme carousel-js\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/the-sir-walter-scott-memorial\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Scott_monument_thumbnail.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Scott&#039;s Monument, west elevation. \u00a9 BGS\/UKRI\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Scott_monument_thumbnail.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/the-sir-walter-scott-memorial\/\">Building stones spotlight: the Sir Walter Scott Memorial 25 years after its conservation<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>29\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS geologist, Luis Albornoz-Parra, discusses the iconic Edinburgh monument, the building stones used in its construction and the result (so far) of its conservation efforts.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/the-sir-walter-scott-memorial\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/unlocking-key-mineral-archives-at-the-zambian-geological-survey-department\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/P1000254-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Rebecca Mumpansha, a GSD librarian, with the sales stock of geological maps. \u00a9 Rachel Talbot.\u00a0\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/P1000254-960x645.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/unlocking-key-mineral-archives-at-the-zambian-geological-survey-department\/\">Unlocking key mineral archives at the Zambian Geological Survey Department\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>23\/02\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rachel Talbot recounts a recent visit by BGS Records staff to the Zambian Geological Survey Department, to assist in critical mineral data management.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/unlocking-key-mineral-archives-at-the-zambian-geological-survey-department\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/will-2024-be-the-year-of-the-aurora\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/henrik-heitmann-wQ1UIvNfgYQ-unsplash-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Aurora borealis in northern Norway. \u00a9 Jeremy Bishop\/Unsplash.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/henrik-heitmann-wQ1UIvNfgYQ-unsplash.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/will-2024-be-the-year-of-the-aurora\/\">Will 2024 be the Year of the Aurora?\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>23\/02\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Sun\u2019s approximate eleven-year activity cycle is predicted to peak this year, prompting BGS scientists to anticipate that 2024 will be the \u2018Year of the Aurora\u2019. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/will-2024-be-the-year-of-the-aurora\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/hungry-like-a-wolf-new-insights-from-old-bones-housed-in-the-bgs-museum-collections\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/P1038353-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"P1038353\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/P1038353.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/hungry-like-a-wolf-new-insights-from-old-bones-housed-in-the-bgs-museum-collections\/\">Hungry like a wolf: new insights from old bones housed in the BGS museum collections<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>18\/01\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS scientists are studying the diets of ancient British wolves and how they adapted to changing environments.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/hungry-like-a-wolf-new-insights-from-old-bones-housed-in-the-bgs-museum-collections\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/how-bgs-is-helping-the-farming-sector-of-great-britain\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/culver-down-p683813-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"The Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation contributes to the chemistry of overlying soils in Culver Down on the Isle of Wight. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/culver-down-p683813.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/how-bgs-is-helping-the-farming-sector-of-great-britain\/\">How BGS is helping the farming sector of Great Britain\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>17\/01\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>New legislation concerning soil management and technology in modern farming has led to an increase in enquiries about BGS\u2019s Soil Parent Material Model.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/how-bgs-is-helping-the-farming-sector-of-great-britain\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/moving-stones-faults-slopes-and-sediments\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/P1038346-scaled-1-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"The Codleteth Burn catchment with its outlet fan system and recent debris flow deposits near Talla Linfoots. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/P1038346-scaled-1-960x640.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/moving-stones-faults-slopes-and-sediments\/\">Moving stones: faults, slopes and sediments<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>12\/01\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fractured rock along faults affects sediment movement on slopes with implications for the design of infrastructure. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/moving-stones-faults-slopes-and-sediments\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/understanding-nutrients-in-tropical-rainforests\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/chris-bengt-p1038345-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Chris Bengt, PhD Student, in Stable Isotope Lab, Keyworth. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/chris-bengt-p1038345.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/understanding-nutrients-in-tropical-rainforests\/\">Understanding nutrients in tropical rainforests\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>11\/01\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Christopher Bengt talks about carrying out research for his PhD amongst the rainforests and volcanoes of the Philippines. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/understanding-nutrients-in-tropical-rainforests\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/linking-geochemistry-and-health-in-artisanal-and-small-scale-gold-mining-in-the-kakamega-vihiga-gold-belt-kenya\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gold-mining-activities-sluicing-p1038343-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Gold mining activities (milled ore washing and sluicing) and community drinking water downslope of ASGM activities. \u00a9\u00a0Maureene Auma Ondayo.\u00a0\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/gold-mining-activities-sluicing-p1038343-960x645.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/linking-geochemistry-and-health-in-artisanal-and-small-scale-gold-mining-in-the-kakamega-vihiga-gold-belt-kenya\/\">Linking geochemistry and health in artisanal and small-scale gold mining in the Kakamega-Vihiga gold belt, Kenya\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>09\/01\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PhD candidate Maureene Auma Ondayo is investigating major and trace element exposure in the environment in Kenya, aiming to reduce exposure of humans to toxic chemicals. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/linking-geochemistry-and-health-in-artisanal-and-small-scale-gold-mining-in-the-kakamega-vihiga-gold-belt-kenya\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/geography-olympiad-bandung-indonesia\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/1_Team_UK-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Team UK at the International Geography Olympiad. Source: Jo Bayham &amp; Jen Lomas\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/1_Team_UK.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/geography-olympiad-bandung-indonesia\/\">The Geography Olympiad: Bandung, Indonesia<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>22\/12\/2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>School student Dion Thompson joined Team UK at this year\u2019s International Geology Olympiad in Indonesia. We hear from Dion\u2019s mentor Anna Hicks, before Dion reports on the Olympiad itself. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/geography-olympiad-bandung-indonesia\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/cmic-critical-minerals-research-review\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/P521533-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Mineral specimen of linarite, Leadhills, Lanarkshire. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/P521533.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/cmic-critical-minerals-research-review\/\">CMIC: critical minerals research review<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>21\/12\/2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Matthew Reeves of Innovate UK provides an overview of the Critical Minerals Strategy, which sets out how the UK will go about securing its supply of critical minerals. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/cmic-critical-minerals-research-review\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/my-role-as-a-stable-isotope-research-assistant-2\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/IMG_3959-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Charlotte Hopkins working in the National Environmental Isotope Facility (NEIF). BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/IMG_3959.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/my-role-as-a-stable-isotope-research-assistant-2\/\">My role as a stable isotope research assistant\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>19\/12\/2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Charlotte Hipkiss has recently taken up a new position in the National Environmental Isotope Facility at BGS and gives us a little insight into her new position. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/my-role-as-a-stable-isotope-research-assistant-2\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/groundwater-in-taiwan-under-a-changing-environment\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/thousand-island-lake-Taiwan-feature-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Thousand-Island Lake in the Central Mountain Range of Taiwan. The lake provides the public water supply for Taiwan\u2019s capital city Taipei. \u00a9 John Bloomfield\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/thousand-island-lake-Taiwan-feature.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/groundwater-in-taiwan-under-a-changing-environment\/\">Groundwater in Taiwan under a changing environment<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>15\/12\/2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS\u2019s groundwater team is part of a project to develop the first groundwater forecasts for Taiwan.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/groundwater-in-taiwan-under-a-changing-environment\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The UK\u2019s biggest and most prestigious bike race would not be what it is today, without a nod to the humble rock.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":89126,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"6223,9089,10235,8160,34248,32954","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[1460,1344,1213],"purpose":[],"challenge":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - 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