{"id":76642,"date":"2021-08-25T13:07:56","date_gmt":"2021-08-25T13:07:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?p=76642"},"modified":"2024-02-27T14:00:54","modified_gmt":"2024-02-27T14:00:54","slug":"underground-energy-storage-supporting-the-transition-to-net-zero-carbon-emissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/underground-energy-storage-supporting-the-transition-to-net-zero-carbon-emissions\/","title":{"rendered":"Underground energy storage: supporting the transition to net zero carbon emissions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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The UK Government recently pledged to cut carbon emissions by 78 per cent by 2035 as part of a commitment for the country to be net zero in terms of carbon emissions by 2050 (with Scotland aiming to reach this target five years earlier in 2045). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UK has made significant progress already. The share of electricity generated by renewables (principally wind and solar) now stands at 43 per cent, a threefold increase from a decade ago, and coal typically provides less than two per cent of electricity generation: in 2020 there were over 5000 coal-free hours of generation. There is an argument, however, that the hard work starts now, with the difficult-to-decarbonise areas of industry, domestic heating and transport to be addressed. These users of energy will require major changes to their \u2018business as usual\u2019 and new technologies that utilise the natural underground asset to store energy will be required to support further decarbonisation efforts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A well-known issue with some renewable energy sources, including tidal, wind and solar, is that they are intermittent: turbines don\u2019t turn on calm days and solar farms need the sun to generate electricity. Additionally, excess energy produced can be extremely difficult to store for later use. Geology can provide novel ways to store this energy, helping to increase the share of renewable energy sources in the energy market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cavern storage<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The UK is fortunate in that there are naturally occurring beds of halite (rock-salt) \u2014 for example, under parts of Cheshire, Teesside, Lancashire and in the North and Irish seas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halite is an extremely useful substance. It is soluble and has an extremely low permeability that can contain gas. Large cavities can be developed in beds of halite with an established technique known as solution mining, with the resultant voids used having been used for the storage of natural gas since the 1960s and, on a much smaller scale, the storage of hydrogen since 1972. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solution-mined caverns can be used to store excess wind and solar energy through the compression of air in them; this is known as compressed air energy storage (CAES). Energy can be stored in this way for longer periods than in traditional batteries. The technology for CAES has been demonstrated at several locations worldwide and we think the geology is suitable in several areas of the UK to support schemes in the UK. When air is compressed, the heat of compression can be stored and used later to heat the air that is released from the cavern to drive turbines to generate electricity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A particular research area that BGS is working on is the integrity of halite, where gas in caverns may be filled and emptied at faster rates and with greater pressure variations than current natural gas storage operations. This would allow for increased volumes of hydrogen to be stored and used. In particular, the properties of bedded halites, where mudstone and other insoluble material is interbedded with the halite successions, are being investigated.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t

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\"A<\/a>
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A void developed in halite in West Lancashire, imaged as a 3D model. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"Expand<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>
\"Halite<\/a>
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Information\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

Halite is a complex, crystalline rock that is viscoplastic, meaning it flows naturally in the subsurface and can self-heal fractures over geological time. Halite is also soluble. These properties mean that large voids in the subsurface can be created by solution mining, resulting in storage space that is gas-tight and suitable for the storage of natural gas, compressed air and hydrogen; three principle energy carriers. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t

\"Expand<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n

Hydrogen<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hydrogen has the potential to be manufactured without a carbon footprint from a wide range of materials such as natural gas, biomass and some types of waste. Whether produced by electrolysis or steam methane reformation (where the associated carbon dioxide that is produced can be captured and stored), hydrogen can be blended into the existing natural gas network for domestic use, electricity generation, or as a fuel cell in cars and lorries. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The current hydrogen storage option in the subsurface is solution-mined caverns. However, this is limited to regions with halite deposits of suitable depths and thicknesses within which caverns can be developed. As part of the Industrial Decarbonisation Research and Innovation Centre (IDRIC), BGS is researching whether hydrogen storage in porous rocks, such as sandstone, could be viable and under what conditions the natural geology may present a barrier to this type of storage. If storage in porous rocks is a possibility, without loss of quality or amount of the stored gas, then many more regions in the UK without currently obvious subsurface storage options could become potential sites for the hydrogen storage of bedrock, including London, South Wales and central Scotland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thermal storage<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Porous rocks also have the potential to act as a store for heat via so-called aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES). Such thermal stores, where heat is stored in pore fluids, have the potential to capture excess heat produced from industrial processes or homes, which can then be used at locations or times where and when heat is required. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The efficiency of ATES schemes is influenced by the composition of bedrock, structural elements and properties of confining layers. These aspects will be researched by BGS scientists at the UK Geoenergy Observatory in Cheshire as part of an EPSRC-funded research programme.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t

About the author<\/h2>\n\t\t
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Edward Hough<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Research lead, Underground Energy Storage<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

BGS Keyworth<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFind out more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t
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Relative topics<\/h5>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tenergy storage<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tenergy transition<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\thydrogen storage<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnet zero<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t
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Latest news<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t

Local MP helps BGS launch a \u2018living laboratory\u2019\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t

05\/03\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

BGS is implementing a low-carbon heating system to help meet its net zero targets and provide data to the public. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\tShow more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t

BGS adds more than 60 new carbon dioxide storage units to its national carbon dioxide storage database<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t

30\/01\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

BGS has delivered its first major update of the national carbon dioxide storage database, CO2 Stored.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\tShow more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t

Evidence report on deep geothermal energy opportunities in the UK released<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t

16\/11\/2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

BGS has published a detailed evidence report that underpins a deep geothermal White Paper.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\tShow more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\t\n\t\t\"Contains\t<\/a>\n\t\t
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BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t

A new open dataset to benefit onshore geoscience research<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t

15\/06\/2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Data from deep onshore hydrocarbon wells is being released on an open access basis to help meet the UK\u2019s net zero targets.\n\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\tShow more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\t\n\t\t\"Cars\t<\/a>\n\t\t
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BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t

NERC recognised by the Carbon Trust for its step towards net zero<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t

07\/06\/2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) has achieved the \u2018taking action\u2019 tier of the Carbon Trust\u2019s Route to Net Zero Standard.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\tShow more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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BGS events<\/div>\n\t\t\t

UK Geoenergy Observatories \u2014 open events in Glasgow<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Event from 26\/04\/2023 to 27\/04\/2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

You are invited to visit the UK Geoenergy Observatory in Glasgow, to find out more about what the facility can offer you as a potential user.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\tShow more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t

UK Geoenergy Observatories: time zero for net zero<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t

01\/12\/2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

The BGS-led UK Geoenergy Observatories project is shining a light on the subsurface\u2019s potential to provide geothermal energy.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\tShow more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t

BGS joins European Geothermal Congress to highlight UK\u2019s geothermal potential<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t

21\/10\/2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

The European Geothermal Congress will discuss how the geothermal sector can help with the energy crisis.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\tShow more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\t\n\t\t\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/photos\/building-chimneys-clouds-coal-2058\/\"\t<\/a>\n\t\t
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BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t

Identifying the science challenges for UK carbon storage<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t

07\/07\/2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

A new report underlines importance of community engagement in achieving the UK national climate change targets.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\tShow more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\t\n\t\t\"Mineral\t<\/a>\n\t\t
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BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t

UK\u2019s Critical Minerals Intelligence Centre to help build a more resilient economy<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t

04\/07\/2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

The UK\u2019s new centre to collect and analyse information on the supply of critical minerals, which are vital to the UK\u2019s economic success and national security, has officially launched.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\tShow more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\t\n\t\t\"broad\t<\/a>\n\t\t
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BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t

The importance of biodiversity in achieving net zero<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t

02\/07\/2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Protecting the natural world is an important component in achieving net zero. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\tShow more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t

Major research project will support UK\u2019s energy transition<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t

27\/06\/2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

BGS will lead the new research project ‘Managing the Environmental Sustainability of the Offshore Energy Transition’.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\tShow more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Underground storage for renewable energy resources could be a viable green solution as we transition to a net zero UK. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":76736,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"70670,71634,59691,1783,74934,33925","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[1086,1600,1342,972],"purpose":[],"challenge":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUnderground energy storage: supporting the transition to net zero carbon emissions - British Geological Survey<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Underground storage for renewable energy resources could be a viable green solution as we transition to a net zero UK.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/underground-energy-storage-supporting-the-transition-to-net-zero-carbon-emissions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Underground energy storage: supporting the transition to net zero carbon emissions - 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