{"id":106895,"date":"2023-11-23T14:24:16","date_gmt":"2023-11-23T14:24:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?p=106895"},"modified":"2024-02-09T12:50:57","modified_gmt":"2024-02-09T12:50:57","slug":"natural-flood-management-is-geology-more-important-than-trees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/natural-flood-management-is-geology-more-important-than-trees\/","title":{"rendered":"Natural flood management: is geology more important than trees?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/P1038307-eddleston-natural-flood-management-demonstration-1-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"View of the Eddleston Natural Flood Management demonstration and research site in the Scottish Borders. This is one of a global network of UNESCO Ecohydrology Demonstration Sites. \u00a9 Leo Peskett \/ Heriot Watt\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/P1038307-eddleston-natural-flood-management-demonstration-1.webp\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>View of the Eddleston Natural Flood Management demonstration and research site in the Scottish Borders. This is one of a global network of UNESCO Ecohydrology Demonstration Sites. \u00a9 Leo Peskett \/ Heriot Watt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>Natural flood management (NFM) has become a key aspect of UK policy to reduce the risk of flooding, a hazard that is expected to increase under future climate-change scenarios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is natural flood management?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>NFM seeks to control flooding by reducing or slowing the flow in river catchments using natural approaches. These include measures such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>planting trees to enhance infiltration and catchment roughness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>installing leaky wooden barriers within streams to create temporary surface water storage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>re-meandering rivers to reconnect them to their flood plains<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Current understanding of natural flood management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There is growing pressure to change the way landscapes are managed at large spatial scales to respond to the climate and biodiversity crises. Despite its newfound popularity in UK policy, there are still uncertainties about the effectiveness of NFM at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspa.2016.0706\" class=\"broken_link\">large spatial scales and for large floods<\/a>. This is particularly true for measures that are dispersed across catchments, such as land-use change through afforestation or improvements to soil quality. &nbsp;Understanding how water is stored and released within catchments is vital for predicting the effects of these changes on both floods and droughts, as well as a host of other co-benefits such as biodiversity and agricultural productivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recent work by Heriot-Watt University, the University of Edinburgh, BGS and the University of Dundee has started to look at these questions at the internationally important <a href=\"https:\/\/tweedforum.org\/our-work\/projects\/the-eddleston-water-project\/\">UNESCO ecohydrology demonstration site<\/a> at the <a href=\"https:\/\/tweedforum.org\/our-work\/projects\/the-eddleston-water-project\/\">Eddleston Water natural flood management research site<\/a> in the Scottish Borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why is more research needed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The infiltration of water into the subsurface is a key area of research in NFM including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>how water infiltrates different soils<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the effect of different soil properties on infiltration rates<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2013.05.043\">effect of different land uses on infiltration rates<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to understanding how easily water infiltrates, we also need to know how much water can infiltrate and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/building-with-nature-and-geology-to-protect-against-flooding\/\">where it goes<\/a> \u2014 in other words, how much water can be stored? There has been much less research on quantifying catchment storage and the role of deeper catchment storage in the context of NFM, despite its potentially <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41893-018-0099-8\">fundamental importance to our understanding of hydrology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The effects of soils and geology on catchment storage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Using multiple methods, including water-level monitoring and stable isotopic tracers, our research estimated water storage across nine subcatchments and correlated the findings with catchment properties such as soil type, land cover and geology. We found that <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrh.2023.101398\">soils and geology dominated plantation forest cover<\/a> in controlling catchment water storage, suggesting that the effects of changing forest cover are masked by more dominant soil and geological properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are, of course, caveats to the work: we only looked at existing, mature conifer forests and only considered the effect of trees on storage. The impacts of trees on surface roughness and broadleaved trees, which are the main type planted by this and many other NFM projects, were not considered. While the differences are probably minimal, these questions need to be tested through further research. Our findings are, however, consistent with other work looking at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfr3.12896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">land cover and catchment storage<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrh.2021.100834\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">catchment response to storms<\/a> in Eddleston and <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hyp.11226\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"broken_link\">elsewhere in Scotland<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implications for natural flood management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These findings have two significant implications for NFM. The first is to add further criteria for determining the planting of the \u2018right trees in the right place\u2019. This storage perspective suggests that tree planting needs to be targeted at areas where potential storage is high but infiltration rates are low, such as highly compacted or degraded soils in relatively permeable catchments. The second is the need to understand dominant catchment controls on runoff in any NFM scheme, which means getting better knowledge of hydrological processes within catchments and their representation within models. We are exploring this second implication in a follow-up study combining stream flow data and water tracer data into a hydrological model, to see if this improves model outputs and therefore understanding of land use change in the catchment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is growing pressure to change the way landscapes are managed at large spatial scales to respond to the climate and biodiversity crises. Gaining a better understanding of catchment water storage across different environments is likely to be vital for predicting the multiple benefits and risks of nature-based solutions such as NFM. Future research using both empirical and modelling approaches needs to incorporate these perspectives to underpin effective future management strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t<h2>About the authors<\/h2>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"cards cards-contact no-shape\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Alan_MacDonald-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Alan MacDonald\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Alan_MacDonald.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>Prof Alan MacDonald<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Head of groundwater<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>BGS Edinburgh<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/macdonald-alan\/\">Find out more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<p><strong>Leo Peskett<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Assistant professor in physical geography<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p> Heriot-Watt University<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leo&#8217;s work focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of nature-based solutions in the land and water sectors and engaging with policymakers at international to local levels to bridge research and policy. His recent research has concentrated on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>the integration of land and water management in the UK<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the impacts of land use on runoff in a natural flood management context<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the use of the natural capital approach in environmental management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Prior to academia, Leo spent a decade heavily involved in the development of global policies to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation (REDD+) and related climate change policies, working with the Overseas Development Institute, UN agencies and governments in the global North and South.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/researchportal.hw.ac.uk\/en\/persons\/leo-peskett\">Find out more<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"relatives\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5>Relative topics<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/climate-change\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">climate change<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/flooding\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">flooding<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/geohazards\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">geohazards<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/hydrology\/\" class=\"button primary-background\">hydrology<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section  style=\"background-image:url('https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/News-events-scaled.jpg')\" id=\"latest-content-3277-block_d97de97927bbdc31c560d364f519c76f\" class=\"cards-carousel-section  basic-background-1   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Related news<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 owl-carousel carousel-primary-color owl-theme carousel-js\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-awarded-research-grant-to-support-potential-offshore-wind-development-in-iceland\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/seabed-substrate-map.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"The Seabed substrate map of Iceland\u2019s marine areas has been compiled for the country\u00b4s first comprehensive seabed substrate data set and based on the available data points (&gt;3000) of seafloor samples (unpublished data by the Marine and Freshwater Research Institute of Iceland; Thors, 1978; Erlendsson et al., 2015, 2023). \u00a9 Iceland GeoSurvey.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/seabed-substrate-map.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-awarded-research-grant-to-support-potential-offshore-wind-development-in-iceland\/\">BGS awarded research grant to support potential offshore wind development in Iceland<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>13\/05\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS has been awarded the NERC-Arctic grant for a collaboration project with the Iceland GeoSurvey.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-awarded-research-grant-to-support-potential-offshore-wind-development-in-iceland\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/largest-ct-core-scan-completed-at-the-bgs-core-scanning-facility\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/CT_slice_coral.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"CT Slice View of coral core (left) and basalt core (right) BGS \u00a9 ECORD\/IODP\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/CT_slice_coral.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/largest-ct-core-scan-completed-at-the-bgs-core-scanning-facility\/\">Largest CT core scan completed at the BGS Core Scanning Facility<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>09\/05\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS has completed its largest CT core scan project to-date, with around 400 metres of core imaged for the IODP Drowned Reefs project.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/largest-ct-core-scan-completed-at-the-bgs-core-scanning-facility\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-bgs-chief-scientist-for-multi-hazards-and-resilience-announced\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/jonathon-chambers.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Professor Jonathan Chambers. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/jonathon-chambers.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-bgs-chief-scientist-for-multi-hazards-and-resilience-announced\/\">New BGS Chief Scientist for multi-hazards and resilience announced<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>09\/05\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Professor Jonathan Chambers has been appointed as the new BGS Chief Scientist for multi-hazards and resilience (MHR), effective from 1 June 2024.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-bgs-chief-scientist-for-multi-hazards-and-resilience-announced\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/delivering-a-sustainable-urban-future-for-europe-through-geoscience\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/sustainability-16-02559-g002.png\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Illustrative figure to show links between the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the urban environment. Over and above SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities), urban centres can help deliver many of the UN SDGs. (Source: UN SDGs and Geological Survey of Norway, NGU.)\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/sustainability-16-02559-g002.png\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>Research highlight<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/delivering-a-sustainable-urban-future-for-europe-through-geoscience\/\">Delivering a sustainable urban future for Europe through geoscience<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>08\/05\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Research, led by BGS and EuroGeoSurveys\u2019 Urban Geology Expert Group, explores how urban geoscience is reflected in European urban and environmental policy.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/delivering-a-sustainable-urban-future-for-europe-through-geoscience\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/the-sir-walter-scott-memorial\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Scott_monument_thumbnail.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Scott&#039;s Monument, west elevation. \u00a9 BGS\/UKRI\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Scott_monument_thumbnail.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/the-sir-walter-scott-memorial\/\">Building stones spotlight: the Sir Walter Scott Memorial 25 years after its conservation<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>29\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS geologist, Luis Albornoz-Parra, discusses the iconic Edinburgh monument, the building stones used in its construction and the result (so far) of its conservation efforts.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/the-sir-walter-scott-memorial\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-read-more  event\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-open-day-2024\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bgs-open-day-artwork-2024-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"bgs-open-day-artwork-2024\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/bgs-open-day-artwork-2024.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS events<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-open-day-2024\/\">BGS Open Day 2024<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Event on 08\/06\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><p>Join us on 8 June 2024 to explore volcanoes and earthquakes, soils and aquifers, the sea, the sky and everything in between! <\/p>\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-open-day-2024\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/uk-legacy-geothermal-catalogue-released-in-digital-format-for-the-first-time\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/distribution-of-sites-sample-geothermal-catalogue-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Distribution of sites in the first digital release of the legacy geothermal catalogue. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/distribution-of-sites-sample-geothermal-catalogue.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/uk-legacy-geothermal-catalogue-released-in-digital-format-for-the-first-time\/\">UK legacy geothermal catalogue released in digital format for the first time<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>18\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS has released the first digital version of the UK legacy geothermal catalogue of subsurface temperature measurements, rock thermal conductivity measurements and heat flow calculations.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/uk-legacy-geothermal-catalogue-released-in-digital-format-for-the-first-time\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-research-supports-conservation-of-fallow-deer-across-europe\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fallow-deer-bob-brewer-14A9X2feLJ8-unsplash-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Fallow deer stag \u00a9 Bob Brewer\/Unsplash.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/fallow-deer-bob-brewer-14A9X2feLJ8-unsplash.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>Research highlight<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-research-supports-conservation-of-fallow-deer-across-europe\/\">New research supports conservation of fallow deer across Europe<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>16\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>New research has combined zooarchaeology and ancient and modern biomolecular datasets to reveal new understandings into the history and projections of fallow deer. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-research-supports-conservation-of-fallow-deer-across-europe\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-signs-memorandum-of-understanding-with-servico-geologico-do-brasil\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240303_164711_web-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Representatives from the Servi\u00e7o Geol\u00f3gico do Brasil and BGS at the signing event. Copyright: Rafael Sandim\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/20240303_164711_web.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-signs-memorandum-of-understanding-with-servico-geologico-do-brasil\/\">BGS signs memorandum of understanding with Servi\u00e7o Geol\u00f3gico do Brasil<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>10\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The partnership will advance the two organisations\u2019 shared interests in mineral research and geoscience to help benefit society. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-signs-memorandum-of-understanding-with-servico-geologico-do-brasil\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/world-mineral-production-2018-to-2022-is-now-available\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/World_Mineral_Production_2018_2022-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"BGS World Mineral Production 2018 to 2022\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/World_Mineral_Production_2018_2022.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/world-mineral-production-2018-to-2022-is-now-available\/\">World Mineral Production 2018 to 2022 is now available<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>09\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The latest edition of World Mineral Production has been released.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/world-mineral-production-2018-to-2022-is-now-available\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-underground-observatory-open-for-research\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/UKGEOS_Cheshire_Keys_website-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Dr Mike Spence, Director of Science for the UK Geoenergy Observatories, receives the keys to the Cheshire Observatory from AECOM, principal contractor for construction of the site. Source: BGS \u00a9 UKRI\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/UKGEOS_Cheshire_Keys_website.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-underground-observatory-open-for-research\/\">New underground observatory open for research<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>09\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Construction has been completed on the Cheshire Observatory and the facility is now open for research activities.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-underground-observatory-open-for-research\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-read-more  event\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/2024-mine-water-energy-symposium\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Mine-Water-Symposium-2024-speaker-cards-960-x-645-px-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"2024 Mine Water Energy Symposium - 24 to 26 April 2024\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Mine-Water-Symposium-2024-speaker-cards-960-x-645-px.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS events<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/2024-mine-water-energy-symposium\/\">2024 Mine Water Energy Symposium<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Event from 24\/04\/2024 to 26\/04\/2024<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><p>Now in its fourth year, the 2024 Mine Water Energy Symposium will be held in person for the first time in April 2024, with online streaming functionality.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/2024-mine-water-energy-symposium\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Looking at innovative ways of creating resilience to flooding hazards with natural flood management.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":107293,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"6223,9089,10235,8160,34248,32954","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[986,1135,1313,1364],"purpose":[],"challenge":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Natural flood management: is geology more important than trees? 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