{"id":27126,"date":"2020-04-22T07:24:27","date_gmt":"2020-04-22T07:24:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/?page_id=27126"},"modified":"2022-09-20T08:29:46","modified_gmt":"2022-09-20T08:29:46","slug":"transport-properties-and-fracture-physics-research-laboratories","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/fluid-and-rock-processes\/transport-properties-and-fracture-physics-research-laboratories\/","title":{"rendered":"Transport Properties and Fracture Physics Research Laboratories"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Transport Properties and Fracture Physics Research Laboratories<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS Science Facilities &mdash; Fluid and Rock Processes Laboratory Cluster<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/fluid-and-rock-processes\/transport-properties-and-fracture-physics-research-laboratories\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Transport%20Properties%20and%20Fracture%20Physics%20Research%20Laboratories&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/fluid-and-rock-processes\/transport-properties-and-fracture-physics-research-laboratories\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/fluid-and-rock-processes\/transport-properties-and-fracture-physics-research-laboratories\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Transport%20Properties%20and%20Fracture%20Physics%20Research%20Laboratories&#038;body=Research%20in%20these%20laboratories%20focuses%20on%20understanding%20fluid%20(water,%20gas%20and%20solutes)%20movement%20and%20rock%20deformation%20in%20the%20subsurface.%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/fluid-and-rock-processes\/transport-properties-and-fracture-physics-research-laboratories\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/fluid-and-rock-processes\/transport-properties-and-fracture-physics-research-laboratories\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>The Transport Properties and Fracture Physics Research Laboratories at the BGS are led by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/graham-caroline-2\/\">Caroline Graham<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/cuss-robert\/\">Robert Cuss<\/a>, respectively, and are part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/containment-and-fluid-processes\/\">Fluid and Rock Processes Laboratory Cluster<\/a>. Research in the Transport Properties Research Laboratory (TPRL) and the Fracture Physics Laboratory (FPL) focuses on understanding the mechanisms and processes governing the movement of fluids (water, gas and solutes) and the deformation of rock in the subsurface, specialising in the measurement of properties in ultra-low permeability materials. Thirty years of development in this field has led to high-precision techniques, allowing exceptionally small amounts of flow to be measured where conventional techniques can be unsuccessful. As such, the TPRL and FPL are able to investigate the long-term properties of rocks that act as &#8216;seals&#8217; to fluid, on geological timescales. <\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"owl-carousel carousel-primary-color carousel owl-theme thumbs-carousel-js\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-1-alternative_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Panoramic view of the Large Scale Gas Injection Test (Lasgit) in Sweden. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-1-alternative_sized-960x497.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Lasgit test in Sweden\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Panoramic view of the Large Scale Gas Injection Test (Lasgit) in Sweden. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-1-alternative_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Panoramic view of the Large Scale Gas Injection Test (Lasgit) in Sweden. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-2_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Testing of permeability in low permeability rocks in the laboratory. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-2_sized-960x497.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Testing permeability in the lab\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Testing of permeability in low permeability rocks in the laboratory. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-2_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Testing of permeability in low permeability rocks in the laboratory. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-3_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;X-ray CT reveals microstructures in clay rocks that influence flow paths. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-3_sized-960x497.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Xray CT of microstructure in clay rocks\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>X-ray CT reveals microstructures in clay rocks that influence flow paths. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-3_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;X-ray CT reveals microstructures in clay rocks that influence flow paths. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-4_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Testing of supercritical CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; flow for carbon capture and storage (CCS). BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-4_sized-960x497.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Testing of Co2 flow\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Testing of supercritical CO<sub>2<\/sub> flow for carbon capture and storage (CCS). BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-4_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Testing of supercritical CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; flow for carbon capture and storage (CCS). BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-5_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Gas bubbles expelled from Bowland Shale as it is heated. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-5_sized-960x497.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Gas bubbles expelled from Bowland Shale\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Gas bubbles expelled from Bowland Shale as it is heated. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-5_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Gas bubbles expelled from Bowland Shale as it is heated. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-6_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Fracture surface in Callovo-Oxfordian claystone, formed in the laborator. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-6_sized-960x497.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Fracture surface\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Fracture surface in Callovo-Oxfordian claystone, formed in the laborator. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-6_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Fracture surface in Callovo-Oxfordian claystone, formed in the laborator. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-7_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Bespoke apparatus is designed and built at the BGS. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-7_sized-960x497.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Apparatus build by BGS\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Bespoke apparatus is designed and built at the BGS. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-7_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Bespoke apparatus is designed and built at the BGS. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-8_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Dissolution caverns formed in rock salt for underground gas storage. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-8_sized-960x497.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Dissolution caverns in rock salt\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Dissolution caverns formed in rock salt for underground gas storage. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Photo-8_sized.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Dissolution caverns formed in rock salt for underground gas storage. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_17942\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Laboratory capability<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>With careful attention to experimental design, choice of instrumentation, calibration and regulation of testing conditions, the laboratories are able to quantify key properties for intact, fractured and flow along interfaces for low permeability materials. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Apparatus and experimental methodologies are custom designed to meet the precise requirements of the client and work programme.<\/li><li>Experiments can be performed on intact or fractured rock, as well as interfaces between neighbouring materials.<\/li><li>Experiments are performed under simulated downhole stress, pore pressure, temperature, and chemical conditions using triaxial, isotropic (hydrostatic) or constant-volume cells.<\/li><li>High accuracy, heavy duty shear box systems have been developed to examine fracture, fault and interfacial flow.<\/li><li>Apparatus is assembled in a constant temperature test chamber, which is regulated to better than \u00b10.3\u00b0C or within oven or high-precision incubators.<\/li><li>pressure and flow-rates are precisely set or monitored using microprocessor-controlled syringe pumps<\/li><li>Experiments are remotely controlled and test parameters recorded using customised code developed using the National Instruments LabVIEW\u2122 software package.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Measured properties<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>saturation and consolidation properties<\/li><li>intrinsic permeability (including specific storage and anisotropy ratio)<\/li><li>coupled flow parameters (e.g. osmotic permeability, consolidation coefficients)<\/li><li>gas diffusion coefficients<\/li><li>capillary entry breakthrough and threshold pressures<\/li><li>gas permeability function<\/li><li>drained and undrained compressibility<\/li><li>rheological (creep) properties<\/li><li>mechanical properties<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Research interests<\/h3>\n\n\n<div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Radioactive waste disposal<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We have a considerable research track record in answering specific scientific questions relating to the safety case for deep geological disposal of heat-generating and high-activity radioactive wastes. This work has covered the flow and deformation properties of host rocks, engineered barrier systems and interfaces between engineering components.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Led by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/harrington-jon\/\">Jon Harrington<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Carbon capture and storage <\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our research focus has been on sealing properties of caprocks,\u00a0 reservoir rocks, and fracture and fault flow, with emphasis on changes in properties related to the depletion of reservoirs and the re-inflation resulting from injection of CO<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Led by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/graham-caroline-2\/\">Caroline Graham<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Shale gas<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our shale gas research has focused on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>permeability of individual units within prospective units of shale gas<\/li>\n<li>flow along fractures<\/li>\n<li>formation of hydraulic fractures<\/li>\n<li>composition of gas released by stimulation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Questions have been addressed for both exploration and regulator purposes.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Led by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/cuss-robert\/\">Robert Cuss<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Underground gas storage<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our research has focused on the mechanical controls on the formation of solution caverns created for underground gas storage and the permeability of salt formations. Emphasis has been placed on the cycling of cavern pressurisation and the influence this has on cavern integrity.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Led by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/harrington-jon\/\">Jon Harrington<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Hydrothermal<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In close collaboration with the BGS&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/fluid-and-rock-processes\/hydrothermal-laboratory\/\">Hydrothermal Laboratory<\/a>, we conduct research on the flow properties of complex fault zones.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Led by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/cuss-robert\/\">Robert Cuss<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">General research<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We conduct research that is complementary to the applied scientific areas. This includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>visualisation of flow pathways<\/li>\n<li>manufacturing of synthetic rock samples<\/li>\n<li>flow at stress conditions not relevant to the specific applied areas<\/li>\n<li>development of novel experimental apparatus and techniques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Led by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/harrington-jon\/\">Jon Harrington<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Laboratory and field studies<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rock_mechanics_testing.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Rock mechanics testing: changes in flow properties in caprock under complicated pressure conditions. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_51747\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rock_mechanics_testing-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Rock mechanics testing\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rock_mechanics_testing.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Rock mechanics testing: changes in flow properties in caprock under complicated pressure conditions. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rock_mechanics_testing.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Rock mechanics testing: changes in flow properties in caprock under complicated pressure conditions. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_51747\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Laboratory capability<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Laboratory research is conducted on samples up to 250&nbsp;cc in size; these represent large test samples in low permeability materials. Tests can be conducted rapidly (in minutes), but our main emphasis is on long-term experiments that can run for multiple years. However, test durations of six months to one year are normal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The laboratory has six isotropic, four constant volume, three shear rigs, and three triaxial apparatus. These cover stress conditions from 1 to 70&nbsp;MPa (near surface to 3&nbsp;km depth). The laboratory also has a high-pressure capability, which is able to extend the pressure range to 150&nbsp;MPa (at 130\u00b0C) using an isotropic cell to explore flow and deformation behaviour at near-crustal depths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The laboratory is also equipped with a number of hydraulic presses able to consolidate and condition-test material, or create synthetic samples for process understanding and material design. Pressures in excess of 500&nbsp;MPa (on samples 60&nbsp;mm in diameter) can be applied by the presses to yield materials with a range of material properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The TPRL has an established track record of the design, build and operation of field-scale investigations. These include the Lasgit experiment at the \u00c4sp\u00f6 Hard Rock Laboratory (Sweden; 2005\u20132020), the gas transfer experiment at the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory (Switzerland: 2020\u20132022), and the cavern formation experiment at the Dark Matter Laboratory at the Boubly Potash mine (UK: 2019 onwards).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Further information<\/h2>\n\n\n<div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Staff experience<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>laboratory studies examining gas, water and solute movement<\/li>\n<li>laboratory studies examining hydromechnical behaviour<\/li>\n<li>field-scale experiments examining gas and water flow in a range of natural and engineered systems<\/li>\n<li>preparation of state-of-the-art overview reports<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Research collaborations<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rwm.nda.gov.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RWM<\/a>, UK<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.skb.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SKB<\/a>, Sweden<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/international.andra.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andra<\/a>, France<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ensi.ch\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ENSI<\/a>, Switzerland<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ondraf.be\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ondraf<\/a>, Belgium<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.covra.nl\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Covra<\/a>, Netherlands<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mont-terri.ch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mont Terri Project<\/a>, international consortium<\/li>\n<li>European Union<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nerc.ukri.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NERC<\/a>, UK<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/epsrc.ukri.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EPSRC<\/a>, UK<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/decovalex.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DECOVALEX<\/a>, international consortium<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/stfc.ukri.org\/about-us\/where-we-work\/boulby-underground-laboratory\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boulby Underground Laboratory<\/a>, UK<\/li>\n<li>Universities:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bpi.cam.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cambridge<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucl.ac.uk\/earth-sciences\/facilities\/rock-physics-laboratory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/lec\/research\/research-areas\/earth-science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lancaster<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.le.ac.uk\/departments\/chemistry\/research\/atmospheric-chemistry-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leicester<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Current and recent projects<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ejp-eurad.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eurad Gas and HITEC<\/a>: specific outstanding questions of gas movement<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.beacon-h2020.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beacon<\/a>: bentonite mechanical evolution<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cebama.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cebama<\/a>: properties of concrete\/Callovo-Oxfordian claystone interface<\/li>\n<li>Lasgit: full-scale KBS-3 mock-up demonstrating gas behaviour<\/li>\n<li>Gas Transfer (GT): lab and field investigation of gas advection in Opalinus Clay<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.m4shalegas.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">M4ShaleGas<\/a>: geological layers and fractures on the propagation of hydraulic fractures<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/co2contain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CONTAIN<\/a>: role of depletion and inflation on caprock sealing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"grid-section links-section  sky-background-d \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Need more information?<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap thin-tabs\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/cuss-robert\/\"  class=\" primary-background button btn-icon-arrow-right-white before \"><span>Contact Dr Cuss<\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/harrington-jon\/\"  class=\" primary-background button btn-icon-arrow-right-white before \"><span>Contact Dr Harrington<\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/graham-caroline-2\/\"  class=\" primary-background button btn-icon-arrow-right-white before \"><span>Contact Dr Caroline Graham<\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-711-block_5ea7463519390\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Geomag_feature_Pexels-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Aurora Borealis by Stein Egil Liland\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Geomag_feature_Pexels.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/\">Research<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Our research includes core geological survey and monitoring work and other innovative projects addressing today\u2019s geoscientific challenges driven by the changing needs of our stakeholders.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Geotechnical_RD_facility_fig2-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"angled milling machine\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Geotechnical_RD_facility_fig2-960x497.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/\">Science facilities<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We operate and maintain a wide range of state-of-the-art laboratories and other facilities, which underpin virtually all of our research.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/fluid-and-rock-processes\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/feature_Geomicrobiology-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Geomicrobiology laboratory\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/feature_Geomicrobiology.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/fluid-and-rock-processes\/\">Fluid and Rock Processes Laboratory Cluster<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This cluster does research to identify, measure and quantify complex geological and environmental processes essential in the efficient utilisation of natural resources and underground spaces.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/fluid-and-rock-processes\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research in these laboratories focuses on understanding fluid (water, gas and solutes) movement and rock deformation in the subsurface.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":71234,"parent":10448,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"on","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"transport properties laboratory, transport properties, fracture physics laboratory, fracture physics, fluid processes, rock properties","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"17592,17424,17122,16523,8183,16673","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Transport Properties and Fracture Physics Research Laboratories - British Geological Survey<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Research in the TPRL and FPL is focused on the physical aspects of fluid flow underground (both water and gas) and the influence of deformation.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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