{"id":13789,"date":"2020-02-08T10:24:21","date_gmt":"2020-02-08T10:24:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/"},"modified":"2021-09-28T12:38:19","modified_gmt":"2021-09-28T12:38:19","slug":"engineering-geotechnical-capability","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/","title":{"rendered":"Engineering and Geotechnical Capability"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Engineering and Geotechnical Capability<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS Science Facilities<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Engineering%20and%20Geotechnical%20Capability&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Engineering%20and%20Geotechnical%20Capability&#038;body=The%20BGS%20Engineering%20and%20Geotechnical%20Capability%20leads%20the%20development%20and%20application%20of%20field%20and%20laboratory%20infrastructure%20and%20long-term%20management%20of%20geophysical%20and%20geotechnical%20property%20data.%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>BGS is a world leader in visualising the subsurface, which, combined with parameterised ground models, provides a platform for characterising and quantifying the ground\u2019s behaviour. We apply this understanding to our interactions with the subsurface to support sustainable energy, environmental and ground engineering activities. Realising the natural capital provided by the ground in these areas requires continued sampling and measurement of the subsurface and the Engineering and Geotechnical Capability (EGC) was established with this in mind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EGC provides the infrastructure underpinning field and laboratory R&amp;D, and the long-term management of geophysical and geotechnical property data at BGS. Figure 1 shows the structure of the EGC.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/National-Geotechnical-Property-Database-Amended-1400x788.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Figure 1&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0 Engineering and Geotechnical Capability internal structure and linkages. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_82748\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/National-Geotechnical-Property-Database-Amended-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"NGPD structure\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/National-Geotechnical-Property-Database-Amended-960x540.jpg\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>\u00a0 Engineering and Geotechnical Capability internal structure and linkages. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/National-Geotechnical-Property-Database-Amended-1400x788.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Figure 1&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0 Engineering and Geotechnical Capability internal structure and linkages. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_82748\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>Figure 1 also shows the data pathways through the EGC. As well as the data generated by our research programme, we also ingest third-party data from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/national-geotechnical-properties-database\/\">UK site investigations<\/a>. The laboratory and field data generated by our research supports the BGS&#8217;s strategic programme for multiscalar ground model visualisation and attribution. <\/p>\n\n\n<div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Our services<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">We specialise in the analysis, interpretation and problem solving integral to research and development. We offer bespoke solutions to BGS core science and commissioned research programmes, providing a single facility to integrated service support. <\/span>Our services include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>innovative research and development solutions for field and laboratory activities and apparatus<\/li>\n<li>in situ field measurement, sampling and laboratory testing of geological materials<\/li>\n<li>collation and digitisation of UK site investigation data<\/li>\n<li>maintenance of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/national-geotechnical-properties-database\/\">National Geotechnical Properties Database<\/a><\/li>\n<li>data analysis to support the parameterisation of the National Geological Model<\/li>\n<li>development of geotechnical and geophysical property relationships to support and quantify geophysical monitoring activities<\/li>\n<li>geophysical monitoring activities for ground visualisation, natural and engineered asset condition and performance indices<\/li>\n<li>ground characterisation of natural and engineered ground including landslide observatories, geotechnical earthworks and seismic amplification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-15019\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/geotechnical_alluvium-960x602.jpg\" alt=\"Engineering and Geotechnical Capability ground characterisation\" width=\"960\" height=\"602\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/geotechnical_alluvium-960x602.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/geotechnical_alluvium-768x482.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/geotechnical_alluvium.jpg 1149w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/>Figure 2: High-resolution ground characterisation for engineering applications<em>.<\/em> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW25505543 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW25505543 BCX0\">BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>We don\u2019t simply make measurements of the ground: we integrate these measurements into coherent ground models at a scale that is fit-for-purpose for a range ground engineering applications.<\/p>\n<p>Figure 2 shows the application of high-resolution resistivity and non-invasive shear-wave velocity-mapping methods to image an infilled meander channel in alluvium on the River Trent floodplain.<\/p>\n<p>The highlighted 2D section runs parallel to the current West Coast Rail main line and was formerly chosen as the route for the HS2 rail line. Fine soft soils infilling the meander pose potential challenges to construction due to consolidation affecting the bearing capacity and may also amplify train-induced ground vibrations. (The HS2 route has since been re-designated further to the north-west.)<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Engineering properties and behaviour of UK rocks and soils<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Understanding ground behaviour is core to understanding the performance of critical UK infrastructure and how it changes with time. Key hydrogeological, geophysical and geotechnical properties control ground behaviour in excavations, foundations, tunnels and engineered fill.<\/p>\n<p>For over 20 years, our research has generated a wealth of data and information on the engineering performance of the geological formations that are strategically important to UK infrastructure and development. \u00a0This research undertaking has led to the characterisation of major bedrock and superficial formations in terms of their engineering, which can be accessed via our information products, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/national-geotechnical-properties-database\/\">National Geotechnical Properties Database<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/engineering-geological-studies-of-bedrock-formations\/\">Formation study reports<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mapapps.bgs.ac.uk\/engineeringgeology\/home.html\">National engineering geology map interactive viewer<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/engineering-geology-maps\/\">National engineering geology map downloads<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Case studies<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Navigate to our <a href=\"#publications\">publications and case studies section<\/a> to download case studies relating to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>historical development of geophysics in the UK<\/li>\n<li>impact assessment of strength of ground supporting a leaking water pipe<\/li>\n<li>system for inspecting underwater piled foundations<\/li>\n<li>novel apparatus for soil shrinkage testing<\/li>\n<li>anatomical imaging of aged railway embankments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-6818-block_5e3e8e9da7a40\" class=\"cards-carousel-section  primary-background-b   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Find out more about our work<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 owl-carousel carousel-basic-2-color owl-theme carousel-js\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/field-sampling-facility\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/feature_field_sampling-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"ECG Field sampling facility\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/feature_field_sampling.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/field-sampling-facility\/\">Field Sampling Facility<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Undisturbed sampling offers the potential for geological characterisation critical for understanding engineering performance and ground behaviour.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/field-sampling-facility\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/national-geotechnical-properties-database\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/feature_NGPD-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"National Geotechnical Database\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/feature_NGPD.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/national-geotechnical-properties-database\/\">National Geotechnical Properties Database<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This is a relational database enabling interrogation of AGS 4.0 formatted geoenvironmental and geotechnical data critical to UK engineering.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/national-geotechnical-properties-database\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/research-and-design-engineering-facility\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/feature_Geotechnical_RD-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Geotechnical research and design facility\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/feature_Geotechnical_RD.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/research-and-design-engineering-facility\/\">Research and Design Engineering Facility<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The R&amp;D Engineering Facility conceptualises, designs, tests and manufactures unique and novel equipment for BGS research. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/research-and-design-engineering-facility\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/rock-mechanics-and-physics-laboratory\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/RMPL_9_chevron-960x497-rock-mechanics-feature-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"RMPL_9_chevron-960x497---rock-mechanics-feature\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/RMPL_9_chevron-960x497-rock-mechanics-feature.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/rock-mechanics-and-physics-laboratory\/\">Rock Mechanics and Physics Laboratory<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Rock Mechanics and Physics Laboratory researches the properties and behaviour of rocks and geomaterials at near-surface to shallow crustal depth.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/rock-mechanics-and-physics-laboratory\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/geo-laboratories\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/feature_geolaboratories-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Geo-laboratories\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/feature_geolaboratories.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/geo-laboratories\/\">Geo-laboratories<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wet and dry sample storage, preparation and standard and non-standard geotechnical and geophysical property testing.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/geo-laboratories\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  \">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/dando-drilling-capability\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/feature_drilling-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"DANDO drilling facility\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/feature_drilling.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/dando-drilling-capability\/\">Dando Drilling Capability<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The BGS Drilling Facility performs shallow drilling operations and tests to support BGS research.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/dando-drilling-capability\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"publications\">Publications and case studies<\/h3>\n\n\n<div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Impact assessment of strength of ground supporting a leaking water pipe<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This study demonstrates the use of multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) to measure changes in Rayleigh wave velocity relating to both the initial trench construction and subsequent simulated failures (water leaks) of a buried water pipe. The MASW field trials were undertaken in conjunction with a wider suite of geophysical monitoring techniques at a site in south-west England, within an area of clayey sandy silt.<\/p>\n<p>The Rayleigh wave velocity through a soil approximately equals the shear wave velocity, which in turn is predominantly dependant on the shear modulus of the soil (G) and this can be inferred to give a measure of the relative strength of a soil. It is proposed that the time-lapse measurement of Rayleigh wave velocity may be used to monitor ongoing changes in soil strength and therefore the MASW technique could perform a significant role in monitoring the initiation or progression of any internal processes within a geotechnical asset, before they would otherwise be identified through visual inspection alone.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dashwood, B A J, Gunn, D A, Curioni, G, Inauen, C, Hobbs, P R N, and Reeves, H. 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jappgeo.2019.103923\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Surface wave surveys for imaging ground property changes due to a leaking water pipe<\/a>. <em>Journal of Applied Geophysica<\/em>, Vol. 174, 103923. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jappgeo.2019.103923<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Novel apparatus for soil shrinkage testing<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At present, British (BS 1377, BSI, 1990) and American (D427-04; T92-97) standards describe soil shrinkage measurements via displacements of liquid mercury in which the sample is immersed. Both methods present a significant health hazard related to the spread of the mercury vapours, leading to a ban on its use in many soils laboratories. The BGS system, called SHRINKiT, employs laser scanning, combining successive high-resolution volume and mass measurements to determine soil shrinkage limit.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hobbs, P R N, Jones, L D, Kirkham, M P, Gunn, D A, and Entwisle, D C. 2019. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1144\/qjegh2018-100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shrinkage limit test results and interpretation for clay soils<\/a>. <em>Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology<\/em>, Vol. 52(2), 220\u2013229. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1144\/qjegh2018-100<\/li>\n<li>Hobbs, P R N, Jones, L D, Kirkham, M P, Roberts, P, Haslam, E P, and Gunn, D A. 2014. <a href=\"http:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/508951\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A new apparatus for determining the shrinkage limit of clay soils<\/a>. <em>G\u00e9otechnique<\/em>, Vol. 64(3), 195\u2013203. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1680\/geot.13.P.076<\/li>\n<li>Jones, L D, and Hobbs, P R N. 2004. <a href=\"http:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/509909\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The shrinkage and swelling behaviour of UK soils: the clays of the Lambeth Group<\/a>. <em>British Geological Survey Research Report <\/em>RR\/04\/001. (Nottingham, UK: British Geological Survey.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Anatomical imaging of aged railway embankments<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Surface-wave surveying is a field geophysical technique used to assess the small-strain stiffness characteristics of railway subgrade and geotechnical assets.<\/p>\n<p>The surveys captured complex structures consistent with end tipping within an aged Victorian embankment. Anatomical imaging of the asset was possible, enabling location of the stiffness contrasts between different fill materials needed to understand dynamic load performance and early identification of progressive subgrade deterioration that precedes track geometry problems.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bergamo, P, Dashwood, B, Uhlemann, S, Swift, R, Chambers, J, Gunn, D A, and Donohue, S. 2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/geo2015-0275.1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Time-lapse monitoring of climate effects on earthworks using surface waves<\/a>. <em>Geophysics<\/em>, Vol. 81(2), 1MA\u2013Z17. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/geo2015-0275.1<\/li>\n<li>Bergamo, P, Dashwood, B, Uhlemann, S, Swift, R, Chambers, J, Gunn, D A, and Donohue, S. 2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/geo2015-0276.1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Time-lapse monitoring of fluid-induced geophysical property variations within an unstable earthwork using P-wave refraction.<\/a> <em>Geophysics<\/em>, Vol. 81(4), 1JA\u2013Z38. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/geo2015-0276.1<\/li>\n<li>Gunn, D A, Chambers, J E, Dashwood, B, Dijkstra, T, Lacinska, A, Milodowski, A, Wragg, J, Uhlemann, S, Swift, R, Kirkham, M, and Donohue, S. 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.066\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deterioration model and condition monitoring of aged railway embankment using non-invasive geophysics<\/a>. <em>Construction and Building Materials<\/em>, Vol. 170, 668-678. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.066<\/li>\n<li>Gunn, D, Dashwood, B A J, Bergamo, P, and Donohue, S. 2016. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1680\/jfoen.16.00022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aged embankment imaging and assessment using surface waves<\/a>. <em>Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers \u2014 Forensic Engineering<\/em>, Vol. 169(4), 149\u2013165. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1680\/jfoen.16.00022<\/li>\n<li>Hen-Jones, R, Hughes, P, Stirling, R, Glendinning, S, Gunn, D, Chambers, J, and Cui, Y. 2017. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11440-017-0523-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seasonal effects on geophysical-geotechnical relationships and their implications for electrical resistivity tomography monitoring of slopes<\/a>. <em>Acta Geotechnica<\/em>, Vol. 12(5), 1159-1173. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11440-017-0523-7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Historical development of geophysics in the UK<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This paper discusses the development and application of geophysical techniques from a historical UK perspective. Covering the last 50 years, this study begins in the 1960s with geophysical exploration in former African dependencies. We also show how the development of seismic surveying for hydrocarbons through the 70s and 80s is linked to our post-war motorway expansion and how the regeneration of our urban centres through the 90s and 00s provided the catalyst for geophysical methods to help characterise disturbed and contaminated ground. We take a final look at the issue of swelling urban populations and the need for very high-resolution methods to aid detection and laying of utility infrastructure within a congested cityscape.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gunn, D.A. (2017). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/qjegh2017-002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The geophysics contributions from the QJEGH, 1967\u2009\u2013\u20092015<\/a>. <em>Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology<\/em>, Vol. 50, 379\u2013392. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/qjegh2017-002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">System for inspecting underwater piled foundations<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fossil fuel and renewable energy supplies rely upon offshore platforms constructed in the shallow seas around the UK. Injected concrete grout joins the steel substructures used in the foundations supporting these platforms on the sea bed. The foundation substructure joint comprises concrete-grout sandwiched between two steel plates. The condition of the grout deteriorates with time and can develop cracks at its interfaces with either steel substructure.<\/p>\n<p>This case study describes the development of an underwater inspection system that uses ultrasound beamed onto the outer faces of the steel plates to inspect the condition of the internal grout joint.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/engineering-geotechnical-capability\/offshore-infrastructure-foundation-inspection-methods\/\">Offshore infrastructure foundation inspection methods<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Brett, C R, Gunn, D A, Dashwood, B A J, Holyoake, S J, and Wilkinson, P B. 2018. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1784\/insi.2018.60.1.19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Development of a technique for inspecting the foundations of offshore wind turbines.<\/a> <em>Insight &#8211; Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring,<\/em> Vol. 60(1), 19\u201327. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1784\/insi.2018.60.1.19<\/li>\n<li>Gunn, D A, Holyoake, S J, Dashwood, B A J, Wilkinson, P B, Brett, C R, Wallis, H C, Leman, W, and Rees, J G. 2019. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1784\/insi.2019.61.4.187\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ultrasonic testing of laboratory samples representing monopile wind turbine foundations<\/a>. <em>Insight &#8211; Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring<\/em>, 61(4), 187\u2013196. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1784\/insi.2019.61.4.187<\/li>\n<li>Wilkinson, P B, Gunn, D A, Holyoake, S, Dashwood, B A J, Brett, C R, and Rees, J G. 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ndteint.2018.03.005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Low frequency acoustic and ultrasound waves to characterise layered media<\/a>. <em>NDT &amp; E International<\/em>, Vol. 96, 35\u201346. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ndteint.2018.03.005<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div  class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn\"><span class=\"button-content\" tabindex=\"-1\">Other publications of interest<\/span><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"acc-body sea-background-e\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chambers, J E, Gunn, D A, Wilkinson, P B, Meldrum, P I, Haslam, E, Holyoake, S, Kirkham, M, Kuras, O, Merritt, A, and Wragg, J. 2014. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3997\/1873-0604.2013002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4D electrical resistivity tomography monitoring of soil moisture dynamics in an operational railway embankment<\/a>. <em>Near Surface Geophysics<\/em>, Vol. 12(1), 61\u201372. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3997\/1873-0604.2013002<\/li>\n<li>Haslam, E P, Gunn, D A, Jackson, P D, Lovell, M A, Aydin, A, Prance, R J, and Watson, P. 2014. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jappgeo.2014.07.017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Novel laboratory methods for determining the fine scale electrical resistivity structure of core.<\/a> <em>Journal of Applied Geophysics<\/em>, Vol. 111, 384\u2013392. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jappgeo.2014.07.017<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"cta-section  sky-background-d \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row md-row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Need more information?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div>Please contact Dr David Gunn for more information<\/div>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"btn-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/gunn-david-2\/\"  class=\"button primary-background button btn-icon-arrow-right-white before \">Get in touch<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-4128-block_5f0786961e5bb\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/multihazards\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/feature_MHR_Marc_Szeglat_Unsplash-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Photo by Marc Szeglat on Unsplash\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/feature_MHR_Marc_Szeglat_Unsplash.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/multihazards\/\">Multi-hazards and resilience<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We work with partners worldwide to enhance understanding of hazards, vulnerability, exposure and risk to ensure our science is useful, usable and used. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/multihazards\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Geotechnical_RD_facility_fig2-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"angled milling machine\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Geotechnical_RD_facility_fig2-960x497.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/\">Science facilities<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We operate and maintain a wide range of state-of-the-art laboratories and other facilities, which underpin virtually all of our research.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/science-facilities\/\">Show more<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The BGS Engineering and Geotechnical Capability leads the development and application of field and laboratory infrastructure and long-term management of geophysical and geotechnical property data.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13836,"parent":7436,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"8486,21380,7336,34330,8391,15877","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - 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