{"id":355,"date":"2024-01-16T15:08:48","date_gmt":"2024-01-16T15:08:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/critical-raw-materials\/"},"modified":"2024-08-27T11:58:42","modified_gmt":"2024-08-27T10:58:42","slug":"critical-raw-materials","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/security-of-supply\/critical-raw-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"Critical raw materials"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Critical raw materials<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>MineralsUK &#8211; Statistics<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/security-of-supply\/critical-raw-materials\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Critical%20raw%20materials&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/security-of-supply\/critical-raw-materials\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/security-of-supply\/critical-raw-materials\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Critical%20raw%20materials&#038;body=Critical%20raw%20materials%20are%20those%20at%20risk%20of%20supply%20disruption%20and%20which%20are%20of%20economic%20importance%20to%20the%20country%20or%20entity%20posing%20the%20question.%20%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/security-of-supply\/critical-raw-materials\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/security-of-supply\/critical-raw-materials\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/05\/NN97238-22914-copy.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur hero-img\" alt=\"Precious Metals Refinery - PMR - A 5kg 99.99% pure Platinum ingot in the forge area of the Precious Metals Refinery in Rustenburg. A new red hot ingot is being removed from the furnace in the background - 14 October 2010. \u00a9 Anglo American\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/05\/NN97238-22914-copy.webp\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">        <div class=\"js-anchor-link-wrap anchor-link-wrap\" id=\"overview\"><span class=\"sr-only js-anchor-link\">Overview<\/span><\/div>\n        \n\n\n<p>Global concerns are growing over the availability of secure and adequate supplies of the minerals and metals needed by society. Consumption of most raw materials has increased steadily since the Second World War and demand is expected to grow in response to the burgeoning global population, economic growth (especially in developing countries) and the requirements of new or environmental technologies, such as renewable energy and electric vehicles. Of particular concern are the &#8216;critical&#8217; raw materials, so-called because of their growing economic importance and high risk of supply shortage.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div  id=\"video-9230-block_2e5262be53a0b708f28ce50f76081ad9\" class=\"video-wrap  \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"position-relative\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i3.ytimg.com\/vi\/8b1LgVNq1Jk\/hqdefault.jpg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/video.svg\" class=\"video-play\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Tungsten: Cutting edge and critical.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"into-video\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<iframe class=\"video-section\" src=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/embed\/8b1LgVNq1Jk?enablejsapi=1&#038;version=3&#038;playerapiid=ytplayer&#038;rel=0&#038;autoplay=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n<p>Defining critical raw materials is not straightforward and many approaches have been used. The UK Critical Minerals List, published in 2021, includes the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>antimony<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bismuth<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cobalt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gallium<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>graphite<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>indium<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lithium<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>magnesium<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>niobium<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>palladium<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>platinum group metals<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>rare earth elements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>silicon<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tantalum<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tellurium<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tungsten<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vanadium<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The UK and the EU are almost wholly dependent on imports of these materials. Availability is compounded by their low substitutability and recycling rates, commonly less than 1 per cent. Shortages of critical raw materials may affect UK businesses and adversely influence economic growth and prosperity.<\/p>\n\n\n        <div class=\"js-anchor-link-wrap anchor-link-wrap\" id=\"cmic\"><span class=\"sr-only js-anchor-link\">UK Critical Minerals Intelligence Centre<\/span><\/div>\n        \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UK Critical Minerals Intelligence Centre (CMIC)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The BGS led <a href=\"https:\/\/ukcmic.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">UK Critical Minerals Intelligence Centre (CMIC)<\/a> supports the UK in securing adequate, timely and sustainable supplies of the minerals and metals it requires to transition its economy in the coming decades to net-zero emissions. CMIC is supported by the Department for Business &amp; Trade (DBT), and works with universities and private and public sector partners to gather and analyse intelligence on the supply and demand of critical minerals, their global value chains and use by UK industry. The aim is to guide decision-making by government and industry to mitigate risks to supply security, helping to deliver economic prosperity and create opportunities for UK businesses in critical mineral supply chains, domestically and internationally.<\/p>\n\n\n        <div class=\"js-anchor-link-wrap anchor-link-wrap\" id=\"research\"><span class=\"sr-only js-anchor-link\">BGS research, collaboration and analysis<\/span><\/div>\n        \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">BGS research, collaboration and analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>BGS is actively involved in research focused on identifying critical raw materials, assessing risks to supply disruption and improving understanding of the earth processes that produce deposits of the critical metals. Metallogenic research is focused on advancing understanding of the geological processes responsible for the concentration of critical metals. Recent research projects have been carried out in the Scottish Highlands, the North Pennine orefield, south-west England, Botswana and Nigeria, as well as on recovery of critical metals from waste streams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We have provided formal advice and information to:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the European Commission&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/growth\/sectors\/raw-materials\/specific-interest\/critical_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Raw Materials Initiative<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the Ministry of Defence<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Defra&#8217;s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/5a79be1640f0b670a8025174\/pb13719-resource-security-action-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Resource Risks to Business&nbsp;study<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We provide ad hoc advice to:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/foreign-commonwealth-development-office\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the Cabinet Office<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We coordinated the&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rcuk.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Research Councils UK<\/a>&nbsp;evidence to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201012\/cmselect\/cmsctech\/726\/72602.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2010 Parliamentary Inquiry into Strategic Metals<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We contributed to the Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST) briefing on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/post.parliament.uk\/research-briefings\/post-pn-368\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rare earth elements<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We have also provided keynote speakers on mineral resource security and related topics at international conferences<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See also&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eurare.org\/docs\/EURAREbrochure_vfinal.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Research and development for the Rare Earth Element supply chain in Europe<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Together with&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/emps.exeter.ac.uk\/csm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Camborne School of Mines<\/a>, University of Exeter, we have formed a Critical Metals Alliance, which will address the growing concerns over security of supply and to improve research capability. At the heart of the Critical Metals Alliance is the BGS-sponsored lecturer in&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/intranet.exeter.ac.uk\/emps\/staff\/km380\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">critical and green technology metals<\/a>, who will develop research on the lifecycle of critical raw materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BGS publishes production information for selected critical metals in its annual publications,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/world-mineral-statistics\/\">World Mineral Production<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/european-mineral-statistics\/\">European Mineral Statistics<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our mineral commodity profile series presents essential background information on<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/534461\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cobalt<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/17410\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fluorspar<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/14327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">niobium-tantalum<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/8726\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">platinum group elements<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/17448\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rare earth elements<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/17445\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tungsten<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>BGS has been awarded a&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gotw.nerc.ac.uk\/list_full.asp?pcode=NE%2FJ006475%2F1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">knowledge exchange grant<\/a>&nbsp;by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) titled &#8216;Critical Metals \u2014 Science for a Secure Supply&#8217;, which aims to disseminate authoritative and accessible information on all aspects of the critical metals lifecycle.<\/p>\n\n\n        <div class=\"js-anchor-link-wrap anchor-link-wrap\" id=\"covid\"><span class=\"sr-only js-anchor-link\">COVID-19 related research<\/span><\/div>\n        \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">COVID-19 related research<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Learning from history: the impact of extreme shocks on raw material supply chains for the transport manufacturing sector<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The COVID-19 pandemic represented an extreme shock to the global economy, which depends on secure and adequate supplies of raw materials. BGS conducts minerals and metals research to monitor supply and demand, assess vulnerability to supply disruption and underpin decisio -making for decades. We have one of the world\u2019s largest databases on mineral production and trade, by commodity and country from 1913 to present. We intend to mine this information to examine the short- and medium-term effects of historical shocks on raw material supply chains and security of supply. This will contribute to understanding the risks posed by COVID-19 to supply chains for metals (aluminium; niobium; cobalt) critical to the transportation sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To further our understanding of critical nodes in supply-chain risk, this analysis will be supplemented by detailed network mapping of the value chain of selected metals. We will also examine the contribution the circular economy can make to improving supply chain-resilience, by keeping metals in the manufacturing economy for longer and reducing losses through exports or waste. Expected outcomes of this research include an improved understanding of the impact of extreme, global-scale shocks on raw material supply chains, which are vital to the UK transportation sector. This knowledge will permit the development of mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of supply disruption during future periods of supply-chain instability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This research is funded by the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/warwick.ac.uk\/fac\/sci\/wmg\/research\/materials\/smam\/cents\/about\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Circular Economy Network+ in Transportation Systems<\/a>&nbsp;(CENTS), an EPSRC-funded research network for the sustainable transport community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For further information, please&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/people\/josso-pierre\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">contact Pierre Josso<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-content-9020-block_e94451313142d0d74a96d4708d1a5597\" class=\"grid-section  primary-background   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>You may also be interested in<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/security-of-supply\/critical-metals-handbook\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/05\/tungsten-hemerdon-mine-devon-resized.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Tungsten - Hemerdon mine, Hemerdon, Devon - Tungsten West. \u00a9 Clive Mitchell BGS \/ UKRI\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/05\/tungsten-hemerdon-mine-devon-resized.webp\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/security-of-supply\/critical-metals-handbook\/\">Critical Metals Handbook<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS book on critical metals in collaboration with Wiley and the American Geophysical Union.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/security-of-supply\/critical-metals-handbook\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 col-12\">\n\t<div class=\"cards cards-orizontal-sm  cards-find-more  cards-bordered\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/security-of-supply\/raw-materials-for-a-low-carbon-future\/\" class=\"media-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/05\/NN97263-22640-1-copy.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Mogalakwena - Risk Officer Randall Groenewald looks out over the drilling section of the Mogalakwena Platinum Mine in South Africa - 18 October 2010. \u00a9 Anglo American\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2024\/05\/NN97263-22640-1-copy.webp\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/security-of-supply\/raw-materials-for-a-low-carbon-future\/\">Raw materials for a low-carbon future<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Minerals and metals perform a myriad of functions, including enabling the technologies needed to decarbonise the global economy such as low-carbon energy generation and zero-emission transport.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/mineralsuk\/statistics\/security-of-supply\/raw-materials-for-a-low-carbon-future\/\"><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Critical raw materials are those at risk of supply disruption and which are of economic importance to the country or entity posing the question. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1450,"parent":283,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"72,1","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-355","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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