{"id":9,"date":"2023-11-02T13:16:06","date_gmt":"2023-11-02T13:16:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/?page_id=9"},"modified":"2026-04-02T10:01:29","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T09:01:29","slug":"groundwater-science","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/","title":{"rendered":"Groundwater science"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t\t<section class=\"home-hero-section hero-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\" style=\"background-image: url('https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/geograph-2940190-by-Bill-Boaden.jpg');\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"circle-layer\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/circle.png\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Groundwater science<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"line\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>We provide long-term, groundwater-related expertise in hydrogeology for the benefit of both the UK and the rest of the world. Our research addresses issues related to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the sustainability of water resources and quality<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the effects of environmental change on the water cycle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>natural hazards in the context of groundwater<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>groundwater and human health<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>We undertake groundwater-related monitoring and surveys, and hold extensive hydrogeological data and information. In collaboration with our partners, we undertake integrated catchment studies through field sites and novel monitoring technologies, groundwater models and supporting services and analytical facilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"owl-carousel carousel-primary-color carousel owl-theme thumbs-carousel-js\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/geograph-2940190-by-Bill-Boaden1.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Malham Beck at its resurgence from below the cliffs at Malham Cove in the Yorkshire Dales. \u00a9 Copyright Bill Boaden and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence. \u00a9 &lt;a title=&quot;View profile&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/www.geograph.org.uk\/profile\/42541&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;cc:attributionURL dct:creator noopener&quot;&gt;Bill Boaden&lt;\/a&gt;\u00a0and licensed for\u00a0&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.geograph.org.uk\/reuse.php?id=2940190&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;reuse&lt;\/a&gt;\u00a0under this\u00a0&lt;a class=&quot;nowrap&quot; title=&quot;Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Licence&quot; href=&quot;http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;license noopener&quot;&gt;Creative Commons Licence&lt;\/a&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_16455\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/geograph-2940190-by-Bill-Boaden1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"SONY DSC\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Malham Beck at its resurgence from below the cliffs at Malham Cove in the Yorkshire Dales. \u00a9 Copyright Bill Boaden and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence. \u00a9 <a title=\"View profile\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geograph.org.uk\/profile\/42541\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL dct:creator noopener\">Bill Boaden<\/a>\u00a0and licensed for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.geograph.org.uk\/reuse.php?id=2940190\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reuse<\/a>\u00a0under this\u00a0<a class=\"nowrap\" title=\"Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Licence\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener\">Creative Commons Licence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/geograph-2940190-by-Bill-Boaden1.jpg\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/Gaping_Gill_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_7745191.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Fell Beck disappears into the swallow hole at Gaping Gill, near Ingleborough, in the\u00a0 Yorkshire Dales. Limestone of Carboniferous, Permian and Jurassic age occurs all over the UK and is an important reservoir of groundwater. \u00a9 Copyright &lt;a title=&quot;View profile&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/www.geograph.org.uk\/profile\/13502&quot; rel=&quot;cc:attributionURL dct:creator&quot;&gt;David Martin&lt;\/a&gt;\u00a0and licensed for\u00a0&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.geograph.org.uk\/reuse.php?id=7745191&quot;&gt;reuse&lt;\/a&gt;\u00a0under this\u00a0&lt;a class=&quot;nowrap&quot; title=&quot;Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Licence&quot; href=&quot;http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/&quot; rel=&quot;license&quot;&gt;Creative Commons Licence&lt;\/a&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_16455\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/Gaping_Gill_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_7745191.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Gaping_Gill_-_geograph.org.uk_-_7745191\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Fell Beck disappears into the swallow hole at Gaping Gill, near Ingleborough, in the\u00a0 Yorkshire Dales. Limestone of Carboniferous, Permian and Jurassic age occurs all over the UK and is an important reservoir of groundwater. \u00a9 Copyright <a title=\"View profile\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geograph.org.uk\/profile\/13502\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL dct:creator\">David Martin<\/a>\u00a0and licensed for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.geograph.org.uk\/reuse.php?id=7745191\">reuse<\/a>\u00a0under this\u00a0<a class=\"nowrap\" title=\"Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Licence\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Licence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/Gaping_Gill_-_geograph.org_.uk_-_7745191.jpg\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/P665053.webp\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Urban redevelopment around the River Clyde, Glasgow. Urban regeneration uses groundwater information about engineering, construction, pollution, ground conditions and groundwater vulnerability. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_16455\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/P665053.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"A river running through an industrial landscape\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Urban redevelopment around the River Clyde, Glasgow. Urban regeneration uses groundwater information about engineering, construction, pollution, ground conditions and groundwater vulnerability. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/P665053.webp\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/P001189.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The &#8216;Old Red Sandstone&#8217;, an important aquifer in Scotland, cropping out at Siccar Point in the Scottish Borders. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_16455\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/P001189.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Cliffs forms of gently dipping orange-brown sandstones by the sea\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>The &#8216;Old Red Sandstone&#8217;, an important aquifer in Scotland, cropping out at Siccar Point in the Scottish Borders. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/P001189.jpg\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/geograph-2660021-by-Peter-Trimming.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The River Itchen in Hampshire is an example of a chalk stream. Chalk streams are globally rare; only about 210 are known and 160 of them are in England. \u00a9 &lt;a title=&quot;View profile&quot; href=&quot;https:\/\/www.geograph.org.uk\/profile\/34298&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;cc:attributionURL dct:creator noopener&quot;&gt;Peter Trimming&lt;\/a&gt;\u00a0and licensed for\u00a0&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.geograph.org.uk\/reuse.php?id=2660021&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;reuse&lt;\/a&gt;\u00a0under this\u00a0&lt;a class=&quot;nowrap&quot; title=&quot;Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Licence&quot; href=&quot;http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;license noopener&quot;&gt;Creative Commons Licence&lt;\/a&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_16455\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/geograph-2660021-by-Peter-Trimming.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"SONY DSC\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>The River Itchen in Hampshire is an example of a chalk stream. Chalk streams are globally rare; only about 210 are known and 160 of them are in England. \u00a9 <a title=\"View profile\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geograph.org.uk\/profile\/34298\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL dct:creator noopener\">Peter Trimming<\/a>\u00a0and licensed for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.geograph.org.uk\/reuse.php?id=2660021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reuse<\/a>\u00a0under this\u00a0<a class=\"nowrap\" title=\"Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Licence\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener\">Creative Commons Licence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/geograph-2660021-by-Peter-Trimming.jpg\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/03\/3-IAH-photo1_web.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;The Mompiano spring in Italy has been an urban water supply for 2000 years. The availability of abundant good quality groundwater helped the society and surrounding settlements grow and prosper over millennia. \u00a9 IAH Italy \u2013 Mompiano, Italy \u2013 Tullia Bonomi&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_16455\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/03\/3-IAH-photo1_web.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"3-IAH-photo1_web\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>The Mompiano spring in Italy has been an urban water supply for 2000 years. The availability of abundant good quality groundwater helped the society and surrounding settlements grow and prosper over millennia. \u00a9 IAH Italy \u2013 Mompiano, Italy \u2013 Tullia Bonomi<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/03\/3-IAH-photo1_web.jpg\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/03\/14-MALI44_070_WaterAid_-Basile-Ouedraogo_web.jpg\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Miriam Sogoba is watering her market garden in the Segou region of Mali. This is part of a women\u2019s association of 45 women. As well as pumping the groundwater, they monitor the rainfall and groundwater levels to help sustainability manage the water. \u201cSince I joined the market garden. The money I have gained from the sale of vegetables has helped so much \u2013 buying clothes for the children and helping me buy a sheep and a goat\u201d. \u00a9 WaterAid \u2013 Segou region, Mali \u2013 Basile Ouedraogo&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_16455\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/03\/14-MALI44_070_WaterAid_-Basile-Ouedraogo_web.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"14-MALI44_070_WaterAid_-Basile-Ouedraogo_web\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Miriam Sogoba is watering her market garden in the Segou region of Mali. This is part of a women\u2019s association of 45 women. As well as pumping the groundwater, they monitor the rainfall and groundwater levels to help sustainability manage the water. \u201cSince I joined the market garden. The money I have gained from the sale of vegetables has helped so much \u2013 buying clothes for the children and helping me buy a sheep and a goat\u201d. \u00a9 WaterAid \u2013 Segou region, Mali \u2013 Basile Ouedraogo<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/03\/14-MALI44_070_WaterAid_-Basile-Ouedraogo_web.jpg\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\t\t<section id=\"in-this-section-745-block_b29858e7623112a454e7f1ad49ad1ef5\" class=\"grid-section  sea-background-e   \" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Groundwater science at BGS<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n\t<div class=\"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more \">\n\t\t<a class=\"media-wrap\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/research-projects\/?tax_challenge=all&#038;tax_topic=hydrogeology&#038;tax_region=all&#038;sterm=\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/07\/P512666.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Water spurts out of a vertical metal tube.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/07\/P512666.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<h2>\n\t\t\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geological-research\/research-projects\/?tax_challenge=all&#038;tax_topic=hydrogeology&#038;tax_region=all&#038;sterm=\">\n\t\t\t\t\tProjects\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<p><p>Explore our current groundwater research projects.<\/p>\n<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n\t<div class=\"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more \">\n\t\t<a class=\"media-wrap\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/data\/\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/03\/feature-image-frying-pan-lodge.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"feature-image-frying-pan-lodge\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/03\/feature-image-frying-pan-lodge.webp\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/data\/\">Data<\/a><\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS is the national repository for\u00a0groundwater data and information for the UK and has extensive holdings of international groundwater data and information.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/data\/\"><\/a>\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n\t<div class=\"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more \">\n\t\t<a class=\"media-wrap\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/services\/\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/07\/P780596-thumb.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Two white men stand next to a table and a wheelbarrow in a flooded field. One man is wearing an orange waterproof coat and is bending over, writing in a notebook, while the other man, who is wearing black waterproof clothes, watches. There are buckets, tubes, cables and measuring equipment in the wheelbarrow and on the table.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/07\/P780596-thumb.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/services\/\">Services<\/a><\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We provide a comprehensive suite of hydrogeological field services from borehole drilling to tracer tests.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/services\/\"><\/a>\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n\t<div class=\"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more \">\n\t\t<a class=\"media-wrap\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/quality\/\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/07\/P938547-thumb.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"A white woman in a red and black coat is standing next to a spring writing in a notebook. A coiled tube leads from the stream to some water sampling equipment.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/07\/P938547-thumb.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/quality\/\">Quality<\/a><\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The quality of groundwater determines its value as a resource and its impact on surface water ecosystems. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/quality\/\"><\/a>\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n\t<div class=\"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more \">\n\t\t<a class=\"media-wrap\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/energy\/\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/P1038016-thumb.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"P1038016-thumb\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/P1038016-thumb.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/energy\/\">Energy<\/a><\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>How groundwater can be used for geothermal energy and the effects of hydrocarbon exploitation on groundwater.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/energy\/\"><\/a>\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n\t<div class=\"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more \">\n\t\t<a class=\"media-wrap\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/water-resources\/\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/P775228-thumb.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"P775228-thumb\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/P775228-thumb.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/water-resources\/\">Resources<\/a><\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS research into all aspects of groundwater flow, recharge and discharge improves our understanding of this precious resource.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/water-resources\/\"><\/a>\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n\t<div class=\"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more \">\n\t\t<a class=\"media-wrap\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/Mud_cracks_and_rain_drops_19182743783-1.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Mud_cracks_and_rain_drops_(19182743783)\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/11\/Mud_cracks_and_rain_drops_19182743783-1.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/\">Extremes<\/a><\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Groundwater flooding and drought, and the processes that affect groundwater catchment areas.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/\"><\/a>\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n\t<div class=\"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more \">\n\t\t<a class=\"media-wrap\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/international\/\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/pexels-tarikmht-21040990-thumb.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"pexels-tarikmht-21040990-thumb\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/pexels-tarikmht-21040990-thumb.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/international\/\">International<\/a><\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>BGS has a long history of international development activity throughout the world to sustainably develop and manage groundwater.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/international\/\"><\/a>\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section  style=\"background-image:url('https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/News-events-scaled-1.jpg')\" id=\"latest-news-1920-block_5e798bf30683ce5b827ad691c756adf8\" class=\"cards-carousel-section  basic-background-1   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Latest groundwater news<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 owl-carousel carousel-basic-2-color owl-theme carousel-js\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  bgs-blogs\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/a-tale-of-two-groundwaters\/\" class=\"media-wrap\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2-KOUAKOU-GW-Photo-Competition_web_thumb-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"\u00a9 Samuel Kouakou \u2013 T\u00e9hini, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2-KOUAKOU-GW-Photo-Competition_web_thumb.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS blogs<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/a-tale-of-two-groundwaters\/\" >A tale of two groundwaters<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>21\/03\/2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Why the United Nations 2023 Water Conference needs to know more about groundwater.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/a-tale-of-two-groundwaters\/\" >Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/assessing-potential-groundwater-contamination-in-the-pursuit-of-new-energy-sources\/\" class=\"media-wrap\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/3DGWVPressRelease-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Fig 1: It is important that groundwater remains protected; there is a potential risk of groundwater being contaminated from leaks from oil and gas wells, through old infrastructure (mines and boreholes) and by transport through the rock mass from the source of the oil and gas.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/3DGWVPressRelease.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/assessing-potential-groundwater-contamination-in-the-pursuit-of-new-energy-sources\/\" >Assessing potential groundwater contamination in the pursuit of new energy sources<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>23\/07\/2018<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/assessing-potential-groundwater-contamination-in-the-pursuit-of-new-energy-sources\/\" >Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-and-wateraid-publish-new-research-on-groundwater-resilience\/\" class=\"media-wrap\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/WWD_PPL_Mario_Macilau-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Pouring drinking water from a well in Mozambique\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/WWD_PPL_Mario_Macilau.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-and-wateraid-publish-new-research-on-groundwater-resilience\/\" >BGS and WaterAid publish new research on groundwater resilience<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>21\/03\/2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Most African countries have enough groundwater reserves to face at least five years of drought, new research reveals<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-and-wateraid-publish-new-research-on-groundwater-resilience\/\" >Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/melinda-lewis-awarded-prestigious-whitaker-medal-for-outstanding-contribution-to-hydrogeology\/\" class=\"media-wrap\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/melinda-lewis-whitaker-medal-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"melinda-lewis-whitaker-medal\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/melinda-lewis-whitaker-medal-960x645.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/melinda-lewis-awarded-prestigious-whitaker-medal-for-outstanding-contribution-to-hydrogeology\/\" ><strong>Melinda Lewis awarded prestigious Whitaker Medal for outstanding contribution to hydrogeology<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>01\/03\/2023<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Melinda Lewis, BGS Honorary Research Associate, has been awarded the Geological Society Whitaker Medal, recognising outstanding long-term contributions to hydrogeology.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/melinda-lewis-awarded-prestigious-whitaker-medal-for-outstanding-contribution-to-hydrogeology\/\" >Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/tag\/groundwater-research\/\"  class=\"button  primary-background   \">All BGS Groundwater news<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3515,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"1","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Groundwater science - BGS Groundwater<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Groundwater science - BGS Groundwater\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BGS Groundwater\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-02T09:01:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/07\/P895171-thumb.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"430\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta 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