{"id":6372,"date":"2025-10-28T08:18:06","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T08:18:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/?page_id=6372"},"modified":"2026-04-01T15:20:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T14:20:37","slug":"flooding-and-drought","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/","title":{"rendered":"Extremes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Groundwater extremes<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Extremes&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Extremes&#038;body=Groundwater%20flooding%20and%20drought,%20and%20the%20processes%20that%20affect%20groundwater%20catchment%20areas.%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>Extreme groundwater conditions can develop when groundwater levels go outside the ranges experienced in a normal year and can have surprising consequences.&nbsp; BGS has been at the forefront of developing methods and techniques to characterise how groundwater behaves when stressed by extreme climate, and using this improved knowledge to improve water security through judicious use of groundwater.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BGS work has considerable expertise on groundwater drought and flooding, working both in the UK and across the world.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\t\t<section id=\"in-this-section-9275-block_b12e59915ee556b91b3cc608e9ad4ffc\" class=\"grid-section  sea-background-e   \" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row header-of-section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>In this section<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row grid-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n\t<div class=\"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more \">\n\t\t<a class=\"media-wrap\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/groundwater-drought\/\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/07\/P584699-thumb.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"A dry river bed covered in pebbles runs though a field of tall grass. There s a small bridge in the ditance.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/07\/P584699-thumb.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<h2>\n\t\t\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/groundwater-drought\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\tUK groundwater drought\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<p><p>Groundwater drought is the sustained and extensive occurrence of below average availability of groundwater.\u00a0 In the UK, specialised methods have been developed to identify groundwater droughts and how they propagate through catchments<\/p>\n<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/groundwater-drought\/\" >Find out more<\/a>\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n\t<div class=\"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more \">\n\t\t<a class=\"media-wrap\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/flooding\/\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/geograph-3859939-by-Mr-Ignavy-thumb.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"SONY DSC\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/geograph-3859939-by-Mr-Ignavy-thumb.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<h2>\n\t\t\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/flooding\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\tUK groundwater flooding. \t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<p><p>Groundwater flooding is the emergence of groundwater under conditions where the \u2018normal\u2019 ranges of groundwater level and groundwater flow are exceeded.\u00a0 BGS has developed maps, investigation tools and models to help forecast where and when groundwater flooding may occur in the UK<\/p>\n<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/flooding\/\" >Find out more<\/a>\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-6 col-lg-4\">\n\t<div class=\"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more \">\n\t\t<a class=\"media-wrap\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/the-floods-and-droughts-research-infrastructure-fdri-project\/\">\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/P895252-thumb.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"P895252-thumb\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/P895252-thumb.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<h2>\n\t\t\t\t<a  href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/the-floods-and-droughts-research-infrastructure-fdri-project\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFloods and Groundwater Research Infrastructure\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t<p><p>Floods and droughts cause significant negative socio-economic, agricultural, and ecological impacts across the UK and are predicted to become more frequent and intense from rapid changes in climate, land use and water demand.<\/p>\n<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/flooding-and-drought\/the-floods-and-droughts-research-infrastructure-fdri-project\/\" >Find out more<\/a>\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">International groundwater drought<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In semi-arid countries groundwater is often the only option for a secure water supply throughout drought.\u00a0 BGS has worked in many countries in Africa and South Asia helping to uncover the availability of groundwater to provide a reliable water supply through drought<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<section   id=\"latest-news-6032-block_f7f8a36ee573fa8caf1cbb68163b9462\" class=\"cards-carousel-section  basic-background-1   \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 owl-carousel carousel-basic-2-color owl-theme carousel-js\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-and-wateraid-publish-new-research-on-groundwater-resilience\/\" class=\"media-wrap\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/WWD_PPL_Mario_Macilau-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Pouring drinking water from a well in Mozambique\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/WWD_PPL_Mario_Macilau.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-and-wateraid-publish-new-research-on-groundwater-resilience\/\" >BGS and WaterAid publish new research on groundwater resilience<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>21\/03\/2022<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Most African countries have enough groundwater reserves to face at least five years of drought, new research reveals<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/bgs-and-wateraid-publish-new-research-on-groundwater-resilience\/\" >Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/experts-reveal-what-it-takes-to-ensure-climate-resilient-water-supply-in-east-africa\/\" class=\"media-wrap\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ethiopia_accessing_groundwater-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"A community in Ethiopia accessing groundwater. British Geological Survey\u00a9UKRI\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ethiopia_accessing_groundwater.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/experts-reveal-what-it-takes-to-ensure-climate-resilient-water-supply-in-east-africa\/\" >Experts reveal what it takes to ensure climate-resilient water supply in East Africa<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>04\/03\/2020<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/experts-reveal-what-it-takes-to-ensure-climate-resilient-water-supply-in-east-africa\/\" >Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-research-could-help-provide-a-more-reliable-water-supply-for-millions-in-rural-africa\/\" class=\"media-wrap\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/iStock-1924261671_web.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"A group of individuals congregated around a well in the village of Quionga, Mozambique. \u00a9 iStock\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/iStock-1924261671_web.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-research-could-help-provide-a-more-reliable-water-supply-for-millions-in-rural-africa\/\" >New research could help provide a more reliable water supply for millions in rural Africa<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>24\/03\/2026<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A new BGS-led study has revealed crucial insights into the longstanding challenges affecting the reliability and performance of rural water supply infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-research-could-help-provide-a-more-reliable-water-supply-for-millions-in-rural-africa\/\" >Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item cards  cards-find-more  press-release\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-groundwater-maps-reveal-interesting-patterns-about-africas-water-security\/\" class=\"media-wrap\" >\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/afrcia-landscape-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur wp-post-image\" alt=\"Africa landscape. BGS \u00a9 NERC\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/afrcia-landscape-960x640.jpg\" \/>\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div class=\"info-wrap\">\n\t\t<div class=\"info\">\n\t\t\t<div>BGS news<\/div>\n\t\t\t<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-groundwater-maps-reveal-interesting-patterns-about-africas-water-security\/\" >New groundwater maps reveal interesting patterns about Africa\u2019s water security<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t<p>16\/02\/2021<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/news\/new-groundwater-maps-reveal-interesting-patterns-about-africas-water-security\/\" >Show more<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n<section class=\"cta-section  sea-background-e \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row md-row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Need more information?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"btn-wrap\"><a href=\"mailto:enquiries@bgs.ac.uk\"  class=\"button primary-background   \">Contact BGS Enquiries<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Groundwater flooding and drought, and the processes that affect groundwater catchment areas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":7322,"parent":0,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"1","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6372","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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