{"id":5194,"date":"2025-09-25T12:01:30","date_gmt":"2025-09-25T11:01:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/?page_id=5194"},"modified":"2025-11-27T11:01:52","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T11:01:52","slug":"soil-and-near-surface-gas-monitoring-in-lancashire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/energy\/shale-gas-and-groundwater\/shale-gas-environmental-monitoring\/environmental-baseline-monitoring-in-lancashire\/soil-and-near-surface-gas-monitoring-in-lancashire\/","title":{"rendered":"Soil and near-surface gases"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Soil and near-surface gases<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lancashire<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/energy\/shale-gas-and-groundwater\/shale-gas-environmental-monitoring\/environmental-baseline-monitoring-in-lancashire\/soil-and-near-surface-gas-monitoring-in-lancashire\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Soil%20and%20near-surface%20gases&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/energy\/shale-gas-and-groundwater\/shale-gas-environmental-monitoring\/environmental-baseline-monitoring-in-lancashire\/soil-and-near-surface-gas-monitoring-in-lancashire\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/energy\/shale-gas-and-groundwater\/shale-gas-environmental-monitoring\/environmental-baseline-monitoring-in-lancashire\/soil-and-near-surface-gas-monitoring-in-lancashire\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Soil%20and%20near-surface%20gases&#038;body=%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/energy\/shale-gas-and-groundwater\/shale-gas-environmental-monitoring\/environmental-baseline-monitoring-in-lancashire\/soil-and-near-surface-gas-monitoring-in-lancashire\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/energy\/shale-gas-and-groundwater\/shale-gas-environmental-monitoring\/environmental-baseline-monitoring-in-lancashire\/soil-and-near-surface-gas-monitoring-in-lancashire\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>For many years, BGS has been analysing soil gases and the air overlying the surface in relation to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/geology-projects\/carbon-capture-and-storage\/\">geological carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) storage<\/a>. The techniques used have proven highly successful for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>measuring baseline gas concentrations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>locating and studying rates of gas escape from natural vents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>demonstrating the absence of leakage from storage projects<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The methods are equally applicable to baseline and production monitoring of shale gas operations. There is a time-limited opportunity to gather baseline data, which should allow existing natural or artificial sources of gas to be distinguished from any emission resulting from shale gas operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gas measurements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As part of our monitoring activities, we carried out sampling of near-surface gases in the Fylde in areas where planning applications were submitted for the development of shale gas. This included measuring soil gas concentrations and the flux (flow of gas) from the soil to the atmosphere. These measurements were made in order to help characterise baseline conditions prior to any shale gas development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soil gas was monitored by hammering a small diameter steel tube into the ground to a depth of up to 1 m. Samples of gas were then pumped to a portable field gas-analysing instrument or collected for laboratory analysis. The steel tube was then removed from the ground. Flux was determined by placing a small metal chamber onto the ground surface and measuring the flow of the gas into the chamber. Both soil gas and flux measurements only took a few minutes and caused very little disturbance to the soil or vegetation. Figures 1 and 2 show each of the methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"owl-carousel carousel-primary-color carousel owl-theme thumbs-carousel-js\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/SoilGasMeasurement.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Measuring soil gas\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Measuring soil gas. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/GasFluxMeasurement.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Measuring gas flux\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Measuring gas flux. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n<p>A total of 86 sample sites were measured for both soil gas and flux in the vicinity of one of the application sites (Roseacre) and a further 45 samples sites were measured for soil gas only.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A total of 66 sample sites were measured for both soil gas and flux in the vicinity of a second application site at Preston New Road.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"owl-carousel carousel-primary-color carousel owl-theme thumbs-carousel-js\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/LancashireSoilGasMonitoring.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"LancashireSoilGasMonitoring\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Lancashire soil gas monitoring; soil gas monitoring sites are ringed in red. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/PreliminaryResultsForCO2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"PreliminaryResultsForCO2\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Preliminary results for CO<sub>2<\/sub> concentrations (%) in soil gas at the Roseacre monitoring site. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"item\"><figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/10\/CO2Concentrations.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"CO2Concentrations\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Preliminary results for CO<sub>2<\/sub> concentrations (%) in soil gas at the Preston New Road monitoring site. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"cta-section  sea-background-e \">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"row md-row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Need more information?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"btn-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/contact-the-person\/?employee=smedley-pauline\"  class=\"button primary-background   \">Contact Pauline Smedley<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":2669,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"1","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5194","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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