{"id":183,"date":"2023-11-23T12:33:02","date_gmt":"2023-11-23T12:33:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/data\/groundwater-levels\/therfield-rectory\/"},"modified":"2025-12-17T13:53:41","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T13:53:41","slug":"therfield-rectory","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/data\/groundwater-levels\/therfield-rectory\/","title":{"rendered":"Therfield Rectory"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t\t<section class=\"hero-section hero-section-with-social\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Therfield Rectory<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sea-background-f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>Share this article<\/span><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/data\/groundwater-levels\/therfield-rectory\/\"><span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span class=\"hidden\">Facebook<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Therfield%20Rectory&#038;url=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/data\/groundwater-levels\/therfield-rectory\/\"><span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span class=\"hidden\">Twitter<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   onclick=\"javascript:void( (function() {var e=document.createElement('script' );e.setAttribute('type','text\/javascript' );e.setAttribute('charset','UTF-8' );e.setAttribute('src','\/\/assets.pinterest.com\/js\/pinmarklet.js?r='+Math.random()*99999999);document.body.appendChild(e)})());\"  href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><span class=\"icon-pinterest\"><span class=\"hidden\">Pinterest<\/span><\/span><\/a><a target=\"_blank\"  href=\"https:\/\/wa.me?text=https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/data\/groundwater-levels\/therfield-rectory\/\"><span class=\"icon-whatsapp\"><span class=\"hidden\">WhatsApp<\/span><\/span><\/a><a   href=\"mailto:?subject=Therfield%20Rectory&#038;body=%20(https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/data\/groundwater-levels\/therfield-rectory\/)\"><span class=\"icon-mail\"><span class=\"hidden\">Email<\/span><\/span><\/a><a href=\"#\" data-copy=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/data\/groundwater-levels\/therfield-rectory\/\" class=\"copy-url-on-click\"><span class=\"icon-link\"><span class=\"hidden\">Copy Link<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-12\">\n<p>Water levels have been recorded in the <a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.bgs.ac.uk\/lexicon\/lexicon.cfm?pub=CK\">Chalk Group<\/a> at Therfield Rectory in Hertfordshire, south-east England, since 1883. It is one of the few sites with continuous monitoring prior to 1900.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/about-bgs\/contact-us\/\">BGS Enquiries<\/a> can help you to access data from the National Groundwater Level Archive (NGLA) for this well.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/12\/TherfieldRectory-RedSpot-150x150.jpg\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Location of Therfield Rectory. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/12\/TherfieldRectory-RedSpot.jpg\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Location of Therfield Rectory. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hydrograph<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"img-central\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/resources.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/hydrographs\/bgsfigs\/THERFIELD RECTORY-allyears.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"img-fluid\" alt=\"\"> \n<figcaption>\n        Groundwater level timeseries over the full observational record for Therfield Rectory. National Groundwater Level Archive, \u00a9 UKRI \u2013 BGS\n    <\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"img-central\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/resources.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/hydrographs\/bgsfigs\/THERFIELD RECTORY-recentyears.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"img-fluid\" alt=\"\"> \n<figcaption>\n        Groundwater level timeseries for the last 5 years of available data for  Therfield Rectory. National Groundwater Level Archive, \u00a9 UKRI \u2013 BGS\n    <\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Information about the well<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hydrogeological setting<\/h3>\n\n\n\t\t\t<div id=\"wysiwyg-8618-block_ab5129ff82d8223e895e452a5a760be2\" class=\"  \" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"col-12 responsive-table\"><table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 110%;height: 23px;background-color: #002e40\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">Therfield Rectory<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Wellmaster ID<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>TL33\/4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>NGR<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>5335 2369<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Datum<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>154.81 \u00a0m AOD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 110%;height: 23px;background-color: #002e40\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">Monitoring details<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Groundwater level<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Aquifer<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Chalk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Confinement<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Confined<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Depth<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>83.23 m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 110%;height: 23px;background-color: #002e40\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">Record<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Monitored by<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>EA Thames<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Records commence<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1883<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Records end<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Active<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<p>This well penetrated the <a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.bgs.ac.uk\/lexicon\/lexicon.cfm?pub=LECH\">Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.bgs.ac.uk\/lexicon\/lexicon.cfm?pub=SECK\">Seaford Chalk Formation<\/a> (undifferentiated). The chalk aquifer is overlain and confined by 3&nbsp;m of low-permeability <a href=\"https:\/\/webapps.bgs.ac.uk\/lexicon\/lexicon.cfm?pub=LOFT\">Lowestoft Formation<\/a> till.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/12\/therfield-rectory-large-geology.webp\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Geological map of the area around Therfield Rectory. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_83111\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/12\/therfield-rectory-large-geology-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Geological map of the area around Therfield Rectory. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/12\/therfield-rectory-large-geology-300x246.webp\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Geological map of the area around Therfield Rectory. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/12\/therfield-rectory-large-geology.webp\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Well or borehole construction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The well consists of an 83.23&nbsp;m deep, 1.52&nbsp;m-diameter well, brick lined to 4.57&nbsp;m. The well was originally only 81.1&nbsp;m deep; it was deepened to 84.1&nbsp;m prior to measurements commencing in 1883. When plumbed in 1992, it was found to be only 83.2&nbsp;m deep, presumably due to silting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hydrograph response<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The well hydrograph has an annual sinusoidal appearance, except when it goes dry. As the average thickness of the unsaturated zone is between 75 and 80&nbsp;mbgl, there is normally a two to three month time lag between the start of winter recharge and when the water level starts rising. The time lag has been known to reach five months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Data issues<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The method used to measure the water level in the earliest measurements was presumably a line with some kind of float on the end. These lines underwent considerable amounts of stretching and shrinking over time. Between the start of records in 1883 and August 1885, the line was found to have stretched 3.5&nbsp;m; between September 1885 and December 1895 it had stretched a further 4.0&nbsp;m. The line used between July 1903 and February 1923 stretched 6.9&nbsp;m over this period, whereas the line used from May 1921 to December 1937 shrank 2.2&nbsp;m, and a further 4.2&nbsp;m by May 1949. Measurements were corrected assuming that the stretching and shrinkage had occurred uniformly, which may not have been the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are no records for the period June 1952 and June 1956 and there is a note on the file that the EA consider the levels for the period between 1914 and 1920 as very dubious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1999, a dedicated observation well was constructed at Hay Farm (TL33\/67) and this has replaced Therfield Rectory as an index well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d3 Dochartaigh, B. 1999. Long groundwater records: Processing and presentation of the Therfield Rectory hydrograph. <em>British Geological Survey Technical Report<\/em> WD\/99\/11. (Nottingham, UK: British Geological Survey.)<\/p>\n\n\n<figure  class=\"img-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/12\/hillshade-map-therfield-rectory.webp\" data-toggle=\"lightbox\" data-footer=\"&lt;p&gt;Topographical map with hillshade of the area around Therfield Rectory. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-gallery=\"gallery_75302\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/12\/hillshade-map-therfield-rectory-150x150.webp\" class=\"lazy-blur\" alt=\"Topographic map with hillshade of the area around Therfield Rectory. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/12\/hillshade-map-therfield-rectory-300x201.webp\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption sm-line\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/info-caption.svg\" alt=\"Information icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"caption-text\"><p>Topographical map with hillshade of the area around Therfield Rectory. BGS \u00a9 UKRI.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"expand-box expand-box-top\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/12\/hillshade-map-therfield-rectory.webp\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/groundwater\/wp-content\/themes\/bgs\/img\/expand.svg\" alt=\"Expand icon\"><\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"acknowledgements\">Acknowledgements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Groundwater level data are provided to the NGLA by the Environment Agency (EA), Natural Resources Wales &#8211; Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru (NRW), the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) and, for Northern Ireland, the Department for Infrastructure &#8211; Rivers and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Further information about these monitoring networks can be found on these pages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/timeseriesdoc.sepa.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scotland<\/a>&nbsp;(SEPA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/environment.data.gov.uk\/hydrology\/landing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">England<\/a>&nbsp;(Defra)&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contact<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Please&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgs.ac.uk\/about-bgs\/contact-us\/\">contact BGS Enquiries<\/a>&nbsp;for further information.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":30,"menu_order":22,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"1","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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