The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units — Result Details

Residual Deposits Group

Computer Code: RESID Preferred Map Code: Resi
Status Code: Full
Age range: Paleogene Period (G) — Cromerian Stage (QC)
Lithological Description: Typical deposits include the Clay-with-flints Formation of southern Britain and the Buchan Gravels Formation of north-eastern Scotland. Clay-with-flints lithologies include reddish brown clay with large unworn flint cobbles, yellow fine-to-medium-grained sand, reddish brown clayey silt and sandy clay. Buchan Gravels lithologies include well-rounded gravel and cobbles of quartzite and flint with sand, silt and kaolinitic clay.
Definition of Lower Boundary: Irregular and unconformable contact with bedrock of Neogene age or older. In the case of Clay-with-flints, dissolution of underlying chalk has resulted in local development of pipes and hollows that are infilled with the residual deposits.
Definition of Upper Boundary: Generally the ground surface or overlain unconformably by Quaternary deposits.
Thickness: Clay-with-flints Formation: 2 - 10 m; Buchan Gravels Formation: greate than 25 m.
Geographical Limits: Southern Britain across the Chalk outcrop, northern England and north-eastern Scotland (Buchan) (for grid references see stratotype details).
Parent Unit: Great Britain Superficial Deposits Supergroup (GBG)
Previous Name(s): none recorded or not applicable
Alternative Name(s): none recorded or not applicable
Stratotypes:
Type Area  In Southern Britain, the type area of the Clay-with-flints coincides with the outcrop of the Chalk (Cretaceous) over the North Downs, the Chiltern Hills and as far west as Somerset and Dorset. 
Type Area  In north-east Scotland, the type areas of the Buchan Gravels Formation are the Buchan Ridge and Windyhills, west of Peterhead. 
Reference(s):
McMillan, A A, Hamblin, R J O, and Merritt, J W. 2011. A lithostratigraphical framework for onshore Quaternary and Neogene (Tertiary) superficial deposits of Great Britain and the Isle of Man. British Geological Survey Research Report, RR/10/03. 343pp. 
McMillan, A A, Hamblin, R J O and Merritt, J W. 2005. An overview of the lithostratigraphical framework for the Quarternary and Neogene deposits of Great Britain (onshore). British Geological Survey Research Report RR/04/04. 
Merritt, J W, Auton, C A, Connell, E R, Hall, A M and Peacock, J D. 2003. The Cainozoic geology and landscape evolution of north-east Scotland. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheets 66E, 67, 76E, 77, 86E, 87W, 87E, 95, 96W, 96E and 97 (Scotland) 
McMillan, A A and Powell, J H. 1999. The classification of artificial (man made) ground and natural superficial deposits. British Geological Survey Research Report, RR/99/04. 
McMillan, A A and Merritt, J W, 1980. A reappraisal of the Tertiary deposits of Buchan, Grampian Region. Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences, No.80/1, p.18-25. 
Pepper, D M. 1973. A comparison of the "Argile a Silex" of Northern France with the "Clay-with-Flints" of Southern England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, Vol.84, 331-352. 
Boulton, G S, Peacock, J D and Sutherland, D G. 2002. Quaternary. 409-430 in Trewin, N H [editor], Geology of Scotland. [4th edition]. [London: The Geological Society.] 
Waters, C N, Gillespie, M R, Smith, K, Auton, C A, Floyd, J D, Leslie, A G, Millward, D, Mitchell, W I, McMillan, A A, Stone, P, Barron, A J M, Dean, M T, Hopson, P M, Krabbendam, M, Browne, M A E, Stephenson, D, Akhurst, M C, and Barnes, R P. 2007. Stratigraphical Chart of the United Kingdom: Northern Britain. (British Geological Survey.) 
Stoker, M S, McMillan, A A and Waters, C N. Quaternary Stratigraphical Chart: Northern Britain. British Geological Survey, 1 poster. 
Waters, C N, Smith, K, Hopson, P M, Wilson, D, Bridge, D M, Carney, J N, Cooper, A H, Crofts, R G, Ellison, R A, Mathers, S J, Moorlock, B S P, Scrivener, R C, McMillan, A A, Ambrose, K, Barclay, W J, and Barron, A J M. 2007. Stratigraphical Chart of the United Kingdom: Southern Britain. British Geological Survey, 1 poster. 
Stoker, M S, McMillan, A A and Waters, C N. Quaternary Stratigraphical Chart: Southern Britain. British Geological Survey, 1 poster. 
Dines, H G, Hollingworth, S E, Edwards, W, Buchan, S and Welch, F B A. 1940. The mapping of head deposits. Geological Magazine, Vol.77, 198-226. 
Ellison, R A, Woods, M A, Allen, D J, Forster, A, Pharaoh, T C and King, C. 2004. Geology of London. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheets 256 (North London), 257 (Romford), 270 (South London), 271 (Dartford) (England and Wales). 
Hall, A M and Connell, E R. 1991. The glacial deposits of Buchan, northeast Scotland. 129-136 in Ehlers, J, Gibbard, P L and Rose, J (editors), Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland. (Rotterdam: Balkema.) 
1:50K maps on which the lithostratigraphical unit is found, and map code used:
none recorded or not applicable