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Managing sites for wildlife

Areas designed and dedicated to wildlife cannot just be fenced of and left alone ‘to get on with it’. They need managing to ensure firstly that an interesting and diverse wildlife is established and later that it is retained, be that interest birds, flowers, butterflies, mammals or whatever. Without active management to prevent natural succession the make up of the vegetation would change and the original interest would soon be lost.

Management methods need to be sustainable, using the minimum of resources. Regulated grazing by farm livestock is the best and most sustainable way of managing grasslands. Flower rich limestone grasslands being grazed in late summer and winter and wet grasslands being grazed in summer and autumn. In both cases hay crops may also be taken in mid summer.


Highland cattle grazing
Highland cattle being used to graze a steep limestone grassland.
Reed bed management Managing a reed marsh in autumn.

Reedbeds and marshes will need constant manual attention to prevent invasion by willows and other tree species and their irretrievable conversion to carr. Woodlands in the first 15 years after planting require active management to ensure their development, however once established will require minimum intervention only to control any invasive species and perhaps to exclude grazing so that natural regeneration can occur. See wildlife habitats.

It is the continuity of management over the years that distinguishes the richest most biodiverse sites from the ‘new’ sites which hold but a shallow pool of wildlife. It is very important, in order to minimise disturbance to wildlife, livestock and other human visitors, that the management of the visitors (and their pets) is also well planned for. See people and wildlife.
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